Enhanced neoglycosides through neoglycosylation and methods of use thereof
Using neoglycosylation, the impact of differential glycosylation upon the divergent anticancer and anti-HIV properties of the triterpenoid betulinic acid (BA) was examined. Each member from a library of 37 differentially glycosylated BA variants was tested for anticancer and anti-HIV activities. Enhanced analogs for both desired activities were discovered with the corresponding antitumor or antiviral enhancements diverging, based upon the appended sugar, into two distinct compound subsets.
1. A neoglycoside having the chemical structure:
wherein X represents either O or NH, and wherein R is an amine group having the nitrogen atom covalently bonded to both a methoxy moiety (CH 3 O—) and a reducing sugar.
2. The neoglycoside of claim 1 , wherein R is chosen from the group consisting of:
3. The neoglycoside as described by claim 1 , wherein X represents an oxygen atom.
4. A library of neoglycosides comprising at least two of the neoglycosides described by claim 1 .
5. A composition comprising one or more of the neoglycosides described by claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ester thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
6. A method of treating a subject having cancer cells comprising the step of contacting the cancer cells with an effective amount of the neoglycoside as described by claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ester thereof, whereby the cancer cells are treated.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of contacting the cancer cells with an effective amount of the neoglycoside, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ester thereof is accomplished by administering to the subject the composition described by claim 5 .
8. A method of treating HIV infection comprising the step of administering to a subject having an HIV infection an effective amount of the neoglycoside as described in claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ester thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step of administering an effective amount of the neoglycoside, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ester thereof is accomplished by administering to the subject the composition described by claim 5 .
10. A method of making a neoglycoside comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting a compound having a hydroxyl group with chloroacetyl chloride, DMAP, iodide ion, and methoxyamine (MeOHN 2 ) to produce an aglycon; and
(b) contacting the aglycon produced in step (a) with one or more reducing sugars.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound is betulinic acid.
12. The method described by claim 10 , wherein the reducing sugar is D-allose, L-allose, D-altrose, L-altrose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-digitoxose, D-fucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, L-galactose, D-galacturone, D-GalNAc, D-glucose, L-glucose, 2-fluoro-D-glucose, 3-deoxy-D-glucose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-glucurone, D-glucurono-6,3-lacone, D-lyxose, L-lyxose, D-mannose, L-mannose, D-manNAc, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, L-ribose, D-talose, D-xylose, or L-xylose.
13. The method described by claim 10 , wherein the contacting is performed at a temperature from about 40 degrees Celsius to about 60 degrees Celsius.
14. The method described by claim 10 , wherein the step of contacting the aglycon produced in step (a) with one or more reducing sugars is performed in the presence of a mixture of Methanol and CH 2 Cl 2 .
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ratio of Methanol to CH 2 Cl 2 in the mixture is about 6:1.
16. A neoglycoside produced by the method described by claim 10 .