Polymer composites having highly dispersed carbon nanotubes
A carbon nanotube-polymer composite includes a polymer continuous phase having at least a first polymer, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polymer continuous phase. The carbon nanotubes are non-functionalized nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are between 0.05 and 40 weight % of the composite. At least 98% of the carbon nanotubes are not involved in nanotube bundles.
1. A carbon nanotube-polymer composite, comprising:
a polymer continuous phase comprising at least a first polymer, and
a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in said polymer continuous phase, wherein said carbon nanotubes are non-functionalized nanotubes,
a short chain fluorinated carboxylic acid in a concentration from 1 part per billion (ppb) to 1 part per thousand (ppt) of said composite;
wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes comprise between 0.05 and 40 weight % of said composite, and
wherein at least 98% of said plurality of carbon nanotubes are not involved in nanotube bundles.
2. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising a second polymer different from said first polymer, wherein said second polymer is an electrically conductive conjugated polymer which provides an electrical conductivity of at least 10 −3 S/cm in its electrically conducting state.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite is soluble in water or organic solvents.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said concentration of said short chain fluorinated carboxylic acid is from 0.1 part per million (ppm to 1 ppt of said composite.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes comprise between 1 and 10 weight % of said composite.
6. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes consist of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs).
7. A carbon nanotube-polymer composite, formed by a process comprising:
forming a mixture solution comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in a co-solvent comprising an organic solvent and a second solvent comprising a short chain fluorinated carboxylic acid, said fluorinated carboxylic acid having a boiling point below 150° C., being less oxidizing than nitric acid, and being soluble in both said organic solvent and water,
mixing at least a first polymer with said mixture solution to form a polymer comprising mixture, and
removing said co-solvent from said polymer comprising mixture to form a dispersed nanotube-polymer composite,
wherein said composite comprises:
a polymer continuous phase comprising at least said first polymer, and
wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes are dispersed in said polymer continuous phase, wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes are non-functionalized nanotubes, and wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes comprise between 0.05 and 40 weight % of said composite,
wherein at least 98% of said plurality of carbon nanotubes are not involved in nanotube bundles.
8. The composite of claim 7 , further comprising adding at least a second polymer different from said first polymer to said mixture solution.
9. The composite of claim 7 , wherein said first polymer or said second polymer comprises an electrically conducting polymer.
10. The composite of claim 7 , wherein said second solvent comprises trifluoroacetic acid.
11. The composite of claim 7 , wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes comprise between 1 and 10 weight % of said composite.
12. The composite of claim 7 , wherein said plurality of carbon nanotubes consist of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs).
13. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite is exclusive of any surfactant.