Silica-supported oligomeric hybrid materials

1. A particle-polymer hybrid material comprising:

a substance having the structure of Formula 1:

Z(Y-FP) m   (Formula 1);

Z is a silica particle smaller than 1 mm;

m is an integer;

Y is a linker including a Si atom linked to 1 to 3 oxygen atoms of the silica particle;

FP is a functionalized polymer comprising:

a first structure derived from a first norbornene compound linked to Y; and

one or more repeating units linked to the first structure, each unit being derived from a second norbornene compound and having a functional group, the functional group being selected from the group consisting of bis-acid chloride (BAC); dichlorotriazine (DCT); triphenyl phosphine (TPP); triazole phosphate (TP); alkyl-triphenyl phosphine (Nb-alkyl-TPP); di-triphenylphosphine (Nb-Di-TPP); carbodiimide (ACC); benzyl phosphate (BP); monoamine (MAm); monoethyl azodicarboxylate (MEAD); benzylethyl azodicarboxylate (BEAD); sulfonyl chloride (SC); benzenesulfonyl chloride (BCS); acetic acid (HAc); pyridine (Py); benzaldehyde (BA); chlorophosphate (PC); and Trimercaptotriazine (TMT).

2. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 1 , wherein Y further includes an alkyl group.

3. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 1 , wherein Z is linked to the Si atom of Y through one oxygen atom of the silica.

4. A particle-polymer hybrid material comprising:

a substance having the structure of Formula 3a:

Z is a silica particle smaller than 1 mm, wherein the Si of Formula 3a is liked to an oxygen atom of the silica;

R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, and combinations thereof;

R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, and combinations thereof;

L is a linker;

each X independently includes a carbon (C) or hetero atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P);

R 3 and R 4 are independently or in combination selected from the group consisting of halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, and combinations thereof so long as at least one of R 3 and R 4 includes a functional group capable of binding with another molecular entity; and

n is an integer.

5. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 includes a bis-acid chloride (BAC); dichlorotriazine (DCT); triphenyl phosphine (TPP); triazole phosphate (TP); phosphate triphenyl (Nb-PTP); di-triphenylphosphate (Nb-Di-TPP); carbodiimide (ACC); benzyl phosphate (BP); monoamine (MAm); monoethyl azodicarboxylate (MEAD); benzylethyl azodicarboxylate (BEAD); sulfonyl chloride (SC); benzenesulfonyl chloride (BCS); acetic acid (HAc); pyridine (Py); benzaldehyde (BA); chlorophosphate (PC); or Trimercaptotriazine (TMT).

6. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 4:

wherein R 5 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof.

7. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 5:

wherein R 5 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof.

8. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 6:

9. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 7:

wherein R 5 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof.

10. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 8:

wherein R 5 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof.

11. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 cooperate to form the structure of Formula 9:

12. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 10:

13. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 11:

14. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 12:

15. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 13:

16. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 14:

17. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 15:

18. The particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 4 , wherein:

one of R 3 or R 4 includes hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof; and

the other of R 3 or R 4 includes the structure of Formula 16: