Salt selection of microbial mutants to increase bioproduct tolerance, titer, or osmotic shock tolerance
Methods are provided for selecting microbial strains with improved properties for fermentation and/or bioproduct production. A salt selection is employed to identify mutants with improved bioproduct tolerance, titer, or osmotic tolerance relative to a microbial strain from which they were derived.
1. A method for selecting a microbial strain with increased tolerance to a bioproduct that is produced by and is toxic to said microbial strain, comprising culturing mutants of a bioproduct-producing microbial strain on solid growth medium or in liquid growth medium that comprises salt at a concentration sufficient to inhibit growth of the bioproduct-producing microbial strain by at least about 99%, selecting microbial colonies that grow in the presence of said salt, and identifying a bioproduct tolerant microbial strain by assessing the bioproduct tolerance of said colonies.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein bioproduct tolerance is at least about 5% higher in the bioproduct tolerant microbial strain relative to the bioproduct-producing microbial strain from which it was derived.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the bioproduct is a solvent.
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the solvent comprises butanol.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the growth medium comprises at least about 50 mM salt.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the microbial strain is bacterial or fungal.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the microbial strain is a bacterial species of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Bacillus, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Synechocystis , or Saccharomyces.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the bacterial strain is a Clostridium species.
9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein the Clostridium species is Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium puniceum, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium pasteuranium, Clostridium butylicum, Clostridium aurantibutyricum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Clostridium thermocellum , or Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the salt is an inorganic salt.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium phosphate, or a mixture thereof.
12. A method for selecting a microbial strain that produces a bioproduct at an increased titer in comparison with a bioproduct producing parent strain, comprising culturing mutants of a bioproduct-producing microbial strain on solid growth medium or in liquid growth medium that comprises salt in an amount sufficient to inhibit growth of the bioproduct producing parent strain by at least about 99%, selecting microbial colonies that grow in the presence of said salt, and identifying said microbial strain that produces bioproduct at an increased titer by assessing the bioproduct titer of said colonies when grown in fermentation medium under conditions suitable for bioproduct production.