Particulate fabric softener comprising ethylenediamine fatty acid amides and method of making
A particulate fabric softening composition, comprising one or more ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and one or more quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners, the composition having an exothermal transition at a temperature between 60 and 90° C. with an exothermal transition enthalpy of more than 5 J/g measured by DSC with a heating rate of 2° C./min, can be press shaped to multiple use, dryer added fabric softening articles having high initial surface hardness. The fabric softening composition can be made by cooling a molten mixture comprising one or more ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and one or more quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners to a temperature of 40° C. or less at a high cooling rate.
1. A particulate fabric softening composition, comprising one or more ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and one or more quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners, the composition having an exothermal transition at a temperature between 60 and 90° C. with an exothermal transition enthalpy of more than 5 J/g measured by DSC at a heating rate of 2° C./min; wherein said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae (I)-(V):
(I) R 1 4-m N + [(CH 2 ) n -Q—R 2 ] m X − (I)
(II) R 1 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OH][CH 2 CHR 4 OC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (II)
(III) R 1 2 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (III)
(IV) R 1 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OH][CH 2 CH 2 NHC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (IV)
(V) [R 2 —C(O)NHCH 2 CH 2 ] 2 N + R 1 [CH 2 CH 2 OH]X − (V)
wherein: when said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are compounds of formula I:
each R 1 is independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 hydroxyalkyl or benzyl;
R 2 is independently hydrogen, C 11 -C 21 linear alkyl, C 11 -C 21 branched alkyl, C 11 -C 21 linear alkenyl or C 11 -C 21 branched alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R 2 is not hydrogen;
Q is independently selected from the units having the formula —O—C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —NR 3 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 3 —, —O—C(O)—O—, —CHR 4 —O—C(O)— or —CH(OCOR 2 )—CH 2 —O—C(O),
wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl;
m is from 1 to 4;
n is from 1 to 4; and
X − is a softener compatible anion; and
when said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae (II)-(V):
each R 1 is independently C 1 —C 6 alkyl, C 1 —C 6 hydroxyalkyl or benzyl;
R 2 is independently C 11 —C 21 linear alkyl, C 11 —C 21 branched alkyl, C 11 —C 21 linear alkenyl or C 11 —C 21 branched alkenyl;
R 4 is hydrogen or methyl; and
X − is softener compatible anion.
2. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , comprising 30 to 75% by weight ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and 20 to 70% by weight quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners.
3. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , further comprising up to 10% by weight of a C 3 -C 9 diol or polyol solvent.
4. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 3 , wherein the diol or polyol solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, diglycerol, triglycerol and mixtures thereof.
5. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having from 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
6. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having an iodine value of less than 20.
7. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , comprising a quaternary ammonium salt fabric softener of formula (I) and wherein, in formula (I), R 1 is methyl; Q is —O—C(O)— or —NH—C(O)—; m is 2 or 3; n is 2; and X − is chloride or methyl sulfate.
8. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group of compounds of formulae (II) and (III); R 1 is methyl; R 2 is C 15 -C 17 linear alkyl or alkenyl with an iodine value of the corresponding fatty acid R 2 COOH of less than 20; and X − is chloride or methyl sulfate.
9. A method for making a particulate fabric softening composition according to claim 1 , comprising cooling a molten mixture comprising one or more ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and one or more quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners to a temperature of 40° C. or less at a cooling rate of more than 10° C./min;
wherein the quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae (I)-(V):
(I) R 1 4-m N + [(CH 2 ) n -Q—R 2 ] m X − (I)
(II) R 1 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OH][CH 2 CHR 4 OC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (II)
(III) R 1 2 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (III)
(IV) R 1 N + [CH 2 CHR 4 OH][CH 2 CH 2 NHC(O)R 2 ] 2 X − (IV)
(V) [R 2 —C(O)NHCH 2 CH 2 ] 2 N + R 1 [CH 2 CH 2 OH]X − (V)
wherein: when said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are compounds of formula I:
each R 1 is independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 hydroxyalkyl or benzyl;
R 2 is independently hydrogen, C 11 -C 21 linear alkyl, C 11 -C 21 branched alkyl, C 11 -C 21 linear alkenyl or C 11 -C 21 branched alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R 2 is not hydrogen;
Q is independently selected from units having the formula —O—C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —NR 3 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 3 —, —O—C(O)—O—, —CHR 4 —O—C(O)— or —CH(OCOR 2 )—CH 2 —O—C(O)—,
wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl;
m is from 1 to 4;
n is from 1 to 4; and
X − is a softener compatible anion; and
when said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae (II)-(V):
each R 1 is independently C 11 —C 6 alkyl, C 1 —C 6 hydroxyalkyl or benzyl;
R 2 is independently C 11 —C 21 linear alkyl, C 11 —C 21 branched alkyl, C 11 —C 21 linear alkenyl or C 11 −C 21 branched alkenyl;
R 4 is hydrogen or methyl; and
X − is a softener compatible anion.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molten mixture is cooled to a temperature below the solidification temperature of said mixture at a cooling rate of at least 50° C./min.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molten mixture comprises 30 to 75% by weight ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides and 20 to 70% by weight quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molten mixture is made by combining a melt of ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides, a melt of quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners heated to a temperature above the melting point of said ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides, and optionally a perfume, and passing the resulting liquid mixture through a mixer.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having from 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having an iodine value of less than 20.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group of compounds of formulae (II) and (III); R 1 is methyl; R 2 is C 15 -C 17 linear alkyl or alkenyl with an iodine value of the corresponding fatty acid R 2 COOH of less than 20; and X − is chloride or methyl sulfate.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners are selected from the group of compounds of formulae (II) and (III) where the molten mixture is made by combining a melt of ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides, a melt of quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners and optionally a perfume; and said melt of quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners is provided by melting said quaternary ammonium salt fabric softeners at a temperature of no more than 90° C. and heating the resulting melt less than 10 min before combining it with said melt of ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides to a temperature high enough to provide a temperature of the combined melts that is higher than the melting temperature of the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides.
17. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , further comprising up to 10% by weight perfume.
18. The particulate fabric softening composition of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having an average chain length of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
19. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molten mixture is cooled by contact with a cooled surface.
20. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molten mixture is cooled on a continuous belt flaker.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the molten mixture further comprises up to 10% by weight perfume.
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the molten mixture further comprises up to 10 by weight of a C3-C9 diol or polyol solvent.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the diol or polyol solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, diglycerol, triglycerol and mixtures thereof.
24. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mixer is a static mixer.
25. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ethylenediamine fatty acid diamides are derived from fatty acids having an average chain length of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.