Methods and apparatus for manufacturing plasma based plastics and bioplastics produced therefrom
Blood-derived plastic articles prepared from compositions including blood and, in some embodiments, at least one crosslinking agent and/or at least one biological response modifier, that can be useful for biological applications such as wound repair and tissue grafts; methods of making and using the same; methods for assessing the concentration of a biological response modifier in an article; and systems for preparing blood-derived plastic articles are provided.
1. A powder comprising a blood plasma-derived plastic, wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises at least partially dried clotted blood plasma, wherein the at least partially dried clotted blood plasma comprises whole plasma, including a plasma clot and serum.
2. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises particles having an average diameter of less than about 595 microns.
3. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises particles having an average diameter of less than about 500 microns.
4. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises particles having an average diameter of less than about 149 microns.
5. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises particles having an average diameter of less than about 74 microns.
6. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises particles having an average diameter from about 10 to about 800 microns.
7. The powder of claim 6 , wherein the particles are spheres.
8. The powder of claim 7 , wherein the spheres are porous.
9. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises one or more of a plasticizer, stabilizer, drug or other therapeutic, filler, porogen, crosslinker, polymeric material, tracer, labeled compound, and metal ion.
10. The powder of claim 9 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises a plasticizer, and the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of water, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.
11. The powder of claim 10 , wherein the plasticizer is glycerol.
12. The powder of claim 9 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises a crosslinker, and the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of genipin, carbodiimides, Factor XIII, dihomo bifunctional NHS esters, and mixtures thereof.
13. The powder of claim 12 , wherein the crosslinker is genipin.
14. The powder of claim 9 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises a drug, and the drug is selected from the group consisting of analgesics; anti-infective agents; antineoplastics; biologicals; blood modifiers; cardioprotective agents; cardiovascular agents; cholinesterase inhibitors; hormones; immunomodulators; immunosuppressives; ophthalmic preparations; respiratory agents; anti-inflammatory agents; skin and mucous membrane agents; anti-cancer agents; and mixtures thereof.
15. The powder of claim 9 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises a porogen, and the porogen is soluble in an aqueous phase.
16. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic further comprises a biological response modifier, and the biological response modifier is a bioactive protein selected from the group consisting of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and mixtures thereof.
17. The powder of claim 16 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic comprises at least one biological response modifier that is heat-sensitive.
18. The powder of claim 16 , wherein the biological response modifier is a bioactive protein and the bioactive protein comprises at least one growth factor selected from the group consisting of platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors, transformation growth factor beta (TGF-beta), insulin like growth factors (IGF), epidermal growth factors (EGF), platelet-derived angiogenesis factors (PDAF), platelet-derived endothelial growth factors (PDEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), epithelial cell growth factors (ECGF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF), nerve growth factors (NGF), neurotrophins, erythropoietin (EPO), thrombopoietin (TPO), myostatin (GDF-8), growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), hepatocyte growth factors (HGF), platelet factors, and mixtures thereof.
19. The powder of claim 16 , wherein the biological response modifier is a bioactive protein and the bioactive protein comprises at least one extracellular matrix molecule selected from the group consisting of osteocalcin, osteonectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, fibronectin, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), proteoglycans and mixtures thereof.
20. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic retains biological activity.
21. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the whole plasma is obtained from an autologous donor.
22. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the whole plasma is obtained from allogeneic donors.
23. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially dried clotted blood plasma is essentially fully dried.
24. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the platelet concentration of the whole plasma in the blood plasma-derived plastic is increased compared to a baseline platelet concentration of whole plasma.
25. A granule comprising blood plasma-derived plastic particles, wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic particles comprise at least partially dried clotted blood plasma, wherein the at least partially dried clotted blood plasma comprises whole plasma, including a plasma clot and serum.
26. The granule of claim 25 , wherein the granule has an average diameter ranging from about 250 μm to about 5 mm.
27. The granule of claim 25 , wherein the platelet concentration of the whole plasma in the blood plasma-derived plastic particles is increased compared to a baseline platelet concentration of whole plasma.
28. A putty comprising a blood plasma-derived plastic powder, glycerol, and tricalcium phosphate, wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic powder comprises at least partially dried clotted blood plasma, wherein the at least partially dried clotted blood plasma comprises whole plasma, including a plasma clot and serum.
29. The putty of claim 28 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic powder further comprises milled blood plasma-derived plastic powder.
30. The putty of claim 28 , wherein the blood plasma-derived plastic powder comprises particles having an average diameter of less than about 149 microns.
31. The putty of claim 28 , wherein the platelet concentration of the whole plasma in the blood plasma-derived plastic powder is increased compared to a baseline platelet concentration of whole plasma.