Methods for synthesizing metal oxide nanowires
A method of synthesizing a metal oxide nanowire includes the steps of: combining an amount of a transition metal or a transition metal oxide with an amount of an alkali metal compound to produce a mixture; activating a plasma discharge reactor to create a plasma discharge; exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for a first predetermined time period such that transition metal oxide nanowires are formed; contacting the transition metal oxide nanowires with an acid solution such that an alkali metal ion is exchanged for a hydrogen ion on each of the transition metal oxide nanowires; and exposing the transition metal oxide nanowires to the plasma discharge for a second predetermined time period to thermally anneal the transition metal oxide nanowires. Transition metal oxide nanowires produced using the synthesis methods described herein are also provided.
1. A method for synthesizing a transition metal oxide nanowire consisting essentially of the steps:
a) providing a transition metal oxide, selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, cobalt oxide, and manganese oxide;
b) providing an alkali metal compound, wherein said alkali metal compound is in the solid or molten physical state;
c) combining an amount of said transition metal oxide with an amount of said alkali metal compound to produce a mixture;
d) activating a plasma discharge reactor to create a plasma discharge; and
e) exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for a first predetermined time period of from about 2 minutes to about 30 minutes such that the transition metal oxide nanowire is formed.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge has a power of about 200 W to about 5000 W.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically downwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes feeding the mixture into the plasma discharge reactor.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically upwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes placing the mixture on a substrate and exposing the substrate to the plasma discharge.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically downwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes placing the mixture on a substrate and exposing the substrate to the plasma discharge.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium, lithium, sodium, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the alkali metal compound comprises potassium chloride.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide is titanium oxide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide is provided in the form of a foil.
10. A method for synthesizing a transition metal oxide nanowire consisting essentially of the steps:
a) providing a transition metal oxide, selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, cobalt oxide, and manganese oxide;
b) providing an alkali metal compound, wherein said alkali metal compound is in the solid or molten physical state;
c) combining an amount of said transition metal oxide with an amount of said alkali metal compound to produce a mixture;
d) activating a plasma discharge reactor to create a plasma discharge;
e) exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for a first predetermined time period of from about 2 minutes to about 30 minutes such that the transition metal oxide nanowire is formed;
f) contacting the transition metal oxide nanowires with an aqueous acid solution such that an alkali metal ion is exchanged for a hydrogen ion on each of the transition metal oxide nanowires; and
g) exposing the transition metal oxide nanowires to the plasma discharge for a second predetermined time period to thermally anneal the transition metal oxide nanowires.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plasma discharge has a power of about 500 W to about 3000 W.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically downwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes feeding the mixture into the plasma discharge reactor.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically upwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes placing the mixture on a substrate and exposing the substrate to the plasma discharge.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plasma discharge extends vertically downwards, and wherein the step of exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for the first predetermined time period includes placing the mixture on a substrate and exposing the substrate to the plasma discharge.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the alkali metal compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium, lithium, sodium, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide.