Energy Storage Apparatus and Method of Making Same with Paired Plates and Perimeter Seal
A stacked cell battery including anode plates and cathode plates that define an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber that are divided by a separator membrane. Perimeter flanges of the anode plate and cathode plate may define a seal retainer on the plate that extends between the perimeter flanges and the housing. Alternatively, an over-molded seal may be provided on the flanges of the anode plate and cathode plate that extends between the flanges and the housing.
1 . An energy storage apparatus comprising:
a housing that defines a first inlet manifold and a first outlet manifold for an anolyte and a second inlet manifold and a second outlet manifold for a catholyte;
a plurality of anode plates disposed between the first inlet manifold and the first outlet manifold;
a plurality of cathode plates disposed between the second inlet manifold and a second outlet manifold for the catholyte that are alternately attached to the plurality of anode plates about a perimeter of the anode plates and the cathode plates;
a seal disposed between the housing and the perimeter of the anode plates and the cathode plates; and
a separator membrane disposed between the anode plates and the cathode plates that defines an anolyte passage for the flow of the anolyte and a catholyte passage for the flow of the catholyte between the separator membrane and the anode plate and the cathode plate, respectively, wherein the separator membrane is impervious to the fluids and allows electrons to pass through the membrane and thereby charge and discharge the energy storage apparatus depending upon whether the energy storage apparatus is connected to a load or a source of power.
2 . The energy storage apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an anolyte flow screen disposed in the anolyte passage and a catholyte flow screen disposed in the catholyte passage.
3 . The energy storage apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a nickle foam member disposed in the catholyte passage and a anolyte flow screen disposed in the anolyte passage.
4 . The energy storage apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of spacers disposed between each of the anode plates and each of the cathode plates at spaced locations that hold the plates apart.
5 . The energy storage apparatus of claim 4 wherein the spacers are formed integrally in the catholyte plates as indentations that are structurally and electrically attached to the anode plate.
6 . The energy storage apparatus of claim 1 wherein the seal prevents the catholyte on one side of the cathode plate from mixing with the anolyte on one side of the anode plate.
7 . A method of manufacturing an energy storage apparatus comprising the steps of:
plating at least one side of an anode plate with a positive ion attracting plating material;
plating at least one side of a cathode plate with a negative ion attracting plating material;
providing a plurality of spacers between the anode plate and the cathode plate;
forming a first flange on the anode plate and a second flange of the cathode plate, wherein the first and second flanges extend about the perimeter of the respective plates and are in contact with each other, and wherein the spacers hold the anode plate and cathode plate apart and provide an electrical connection between the anode plate and cathode plate;
welding the first and second flanges together; and
assembling a seal to the first and second flanges that extends between the first and second flanges and a housing to provide a sealed set of plates within the housing.
8 . The method of claim 7 wherein the spacers are indentations and the method further comprises integrally forming the indentations in the cathode plate; and
welding the indentations to the anode plate.
9 . The method of claim 7 further comprising:
assembling a plurality of the sealed set of plates to the housing in series to provide a higher voltage level energy storage apparatus.
10 . The method of claim 9 further comprising:
assembling a separator membrane between each of the sets of plates.
11 . The method of claim 9 further comprising:
assembling a flow screen between the cathode plate and the separator membrane.
12 . The method of claim 9 further comprising:
assembling a nickle foam member on one side of the separator membrane between the cathode plate and the separator membrane.
13 . A method of manufacturing an energy storage apparatus comprising the steps of:
plating at least one side of an anode plate with a positive ion attracting plating material;
plating at least one side of a cathode plate with a negative ion attracting plating material;
forming a first flange on the anode plate and a second flange of the cathode plate, wherein the first and second flanges extend about the perimeter of the respective plates and define a seal receptacle groove, and wherein portions of the plates that are inboard of the flanges are in contact with each other and provide an electrical connection between the anode plate and cathode plate;
welding the first and second flanges together; and
assembling a seal to the seal receptacle defined by first and second flanges that extends between the first and second flanges and a housing to provide a sealed set of plates within the housing.
14 . The method of claim 13 further comprising:
assembling a plurality of the sealed set of plates to the housing in series to provide a higher voltage level energy storage apparatus.
15 . The method of claim 14 further comprising:
assembling a separator membrane between each of the sets of plates.
16 . The method of claim 15 further comprising:
assembling a flow screen on one side of the separator membrane between the cathode plate and the separator membrane.
17 . The method of claim 15 further comprising:
assembling a nickle foam member on one side of the separator membrane between the cathode plate and the separator membrane.