Transgenic plants comprising constructs encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and/or pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase
The invention provides genetic constructs which comprise a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) activity and/or pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity. The constructs have the ability to cause, in transgenic plants, remobilisation of nitrogen during leaf senescence, such that nitrogen can be transported from the leaves to other regions of the plants. The invention provides plant cells and plants transformed with such constructs, methods of producing transgenic plants, and methods of increasing the rate of nitrogen remobilisation and growth rate in senescent plants. The invention also provides harvested plant leaves, such as tobacco leaves, that have been transformed with the genetic constructs, and to smoking articles comprising such harvested plant leaves.
1. A genetic construct comprising a promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity,
wherein the promoter is a senescence-specific promoter,
and wherein the coding sequence, which encodes the polypeptide having cytosolic PPDK activity, comprises a nucleic acid sequence as set out in SEQ ID No. 20, SEQ ID No. 21, or a functional variant or fragment thereof, the variant or fragment encoding the polypeptide having cytosolic PPDK activity and having at least 95% sequence with SEQ ID No. 20 or SEQ ID No. 21,
or wherein the polypeptide having cytosolic PPDK activity comprises an amino acid sequence as set out in SEQ ID No. 23, or a functional variant or fragment thereof, the variant or fragment comprising the polypeptide having cytosolic PPDK activity and having at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID No. 23.
2. The genetic construct according to claim 1 , wherein the construct encodes cytosolic PPDK or a functional variant or fragment thereof, and not phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK, wherein the variant or fragment comprises the polypeptide having cytosolic PPDK activity and having at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID No. 23.
3. A recombinant vector comprising the genetic construct according to claim 1 .
4. A method of decreasing the concentration of nitrogen in leaves of a test plant to below that of the corresponding concentration of nitrogen in a wild-type plant cultured under the same conditions, the method comprising altering plant metabolism in the test plant to achieve increased levels of cytosolic PPDK in plant leaves after initiation of leaf senescence, wherein the method comprises transforming the test plant with a genetic construct comprising a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity.
5. A method of increasing the growth rate of a test plant compared to the corresponding growth rate of a wild-type plant cultured under the same conditions, the method comprising altering plant metabolism in the test plant to achieve increased levels of cytosolic PPDK in plant leaves after initiation of leaf senescence, wherein the method comprises transforming the test plant with a genetic construct comprising a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity.
6. A cell comprising the genetic construct according to claim 1 .
7. A transgenic plant comprising the genetic construct according to claim 1 .
8. The transgenic plant according to claim 7 , wherein the plant is from the Brassicaceae, Poales or Solanaceae family.
9. A plant propagation product obtained from the transgenic plant according to claim 7 and comprising the genetic construct that comprises a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity.
10. The plant propagation product according to claim 9 , wherein the plant propagation product is a seed.
11. A method of producing a transgenic plant which remobilizes nitrogen at a higher rate than a corresponding wild-type plant cultured under the same conditions, the method comprising: transforming a plant cell with a genetic construct that comprises a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity; and regenerating a plant from the transformed cell.
12. A method of producing a transgenic plant having a higher growth rate than a corresponding wild-type plant cultured under the same conditions, the method comprising:
transforming a plant cell with a genetic construct that comprises a senescence-specific promoter operably linked to at least one coding sequence, which encodes at least one polypeptide having cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) activity; and regenerating a plant from the transformed cell.
13. A harvested leaf containing a lower level of nitrogen than the corresponding level of nitrogen in a harvested leaf taken from a wild-type plant cultured under the same conditions, wherein the leaf is harvested from the transgenic plant according to claim 7 .