Sampling system for use with surface ionization spectroscopy
In various embodiments of the invention, a device permits more efficient collection and transmission of ions produced by the action of a carrier gas containing metastable neutral excited-state species into a mass spectrometer. In one embodiment of the invention, the device incorporates the source for ionization in combination with a jet separator to efficiently remove excess carrier gas while permitting ions to be more efficiently transferred into the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer. In an embodiment of the invention, improved collection of ions produced by the carrier gas containing metastable neutral excited-state species at greater distances from between the position of the analyte and the position of the mass spectrometer are enabled.
1. A device comprising:
an atmospheric pressure ionization source producing a stream of one or both low mass carrier molecules and atoms;
a grid; and
a gas ion separator connected to the grid, where both the grid and gas ion separator are located at least in part in a vacuum region; and wherein the gas ion separator is made up of two or more substantially co-axial tubes having a proximal portion located at least in part in a region of approximately atmospheric pressure and a distal portion located at least in part in a high vacuum region.
2. The device of claim 1 , where at least a portion of the gas ion separator is made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, resistively coated glass, glass lined metal tube, coated fused silica, metal coated fused silica, machinable glass, metal coated machinable glass, ceramic, metal coated ceramic and metal.
3. An instrument for detecting an analyte comprising the device of claim 1 and further comprising a spectroscopic analyzer and detector, where analyte ions leaving the gas ion separator enter the spectroscopic analyzer and detector in a region of high vacuum.
4. The instrument of claim 3 , where the spectroscopic analyzer and detector is selected from the group consisting of mass spectrometer, raman spectrometer, electromagnetic absorption spectrometer, electromagnetic emission spectrometer and surface detection spectrometer.
5. The device of claim 1 , where the region of high vacuum has a pressure of between:
a lower limit of approximately 5×10 −6 Torr;
an upper limit of approximately 5×10 −3 Torr.
6. A method of generating ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the device of claim 1 ; and
pulling analyte ions into the gas ion separator with the vacuum associated with the vacuum region and the high vacuum region.
7. The device of claim 1 , where the vacuum region has a pressure of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 1 Torr;
an upper limit of approximately 10 2 Torr.
8. The device of claim 1 , where one or both the grid and the gas ion separator are at ground potential.
9. The device of claim 1 , where the gas ion separator is electrically connected to the grid.
10. The device of claim 1 , where a potential is applied to one or both the grid and the gas ion separator.
11. A method of generating ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the device of claim 1 ; and
pushing analyte ions into the gas ion separator with the stream of one or both low mass carrier molecules and atoms.
12. The method of claim 11 , where the gas ion separator increases the relative abundance of analyte ions to the relative abundance of one or both the low mass carrier molecules and atoms.
13. A method of generating ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the device of claim 1 ; and
pulling analyte ions into the gas ion separator with the vacuum associated with the vacuum region.
14. The method of claim 13 , where the gas ion separator increases the relative abundance of analyte ions to the relative abundance of one or both the low mass carrier molecules and atoms.
15. A method of generating ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the device of claim 1 ; and
utilizing the vacuum to increase the relative abundance of analyte ions to one or both the low mass carrier molecules and atoms after the analyte ions exit the ionization source and prior to the analyte ions exiting the gas ion separator.
16. An instrument for analyzing ions comprising:
an atmospheric pressure ionization source producing a stream of ionizing gas;
a grid;
a gas ion separator;
a spectrometer; and
a pump producing a vacuum region in the instrument, where the grid and the gas ion separator are at least in part located in the vacuum region and wherein the gas ion separator is made up of two or more substantially co-axial tubes having a proximal portion located at least in part in a region of approximately atmospheric pressure and a distal portion located at least in part in a high vacuum region.
17. A method of analyzing ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the instrument of claim 16 ; and
directing the stream of ionizing gas at the analyte to form analyte ions;
pushing analyte ions through the grid and the gas ion separator into the spectrometer with the stream of ionizing gas; and
analyzing the analyte ions.
18. A method of analyzing ions of an analyte comprising:
providing the instrument of claim 16 ; and
directing the stream of ionizing gas at the analyte to form analyte ions;
pulling analyte ions through the grid and the gas ion separator into the spectrometer with the vacuum associated with the vacuum region; and
analyzing the analyte ions.