PREVENTION OF NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT
Aspirin (ASA) triggers a switch in the biosynthesis of lipid mediators, inhibiting prostanoid production and initiating 15-epi-lipoxin generation, through the acetylation of cyclooxygenase II.
1 . A method of modulating inflammation in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject an effective anti-inflammatory amount of a composition comprising a compound having the formula
wherein X is R 1 , OR 1 , or SR 1 ;
wherein R 1 is
(i) a hydrogen atom;
(ii) an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched;
(iii) a cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms;
(iv) an aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms;
(v) phenyl;
(vi) substituted phenyl
wherein Z i , Z ii , Z iii , Z iv and Z v are each independently selected from —NO 2 , —CN, —C(═O)—R 1 , —SO 3 H, a hydrogen atom, halogen, methyl, —OR x , wherein R x is 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched, and hydroxyl;
(vii) a detectable label molecule; or
(viii) a straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive;
wherein Q 1 is (C═O ), SO 2 or (CN), provided when Q 1 is CN, then X is absent;
wherein Q 3 and Q 4 , if present, are each independently O, S or NH;
wherein one of R 2 and R 3 , if present, is a hydrogen atom and the other is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched;
(c) a cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, inclusive;
(d) an alkenyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched; or
(e) R a Q 2 R b wherein Q 2 is —O— or —S—; wherein R a is alkylene of 0 to 6 carbons atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched and wherein R b is alkyl of 0 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched, provided when R b is 0, then R b is a hydrogen atom;
wherein R 4 is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched;
wherein R 5 is
wherein Z i , Z ii , Z iii , Z iv and Z v are each independently selected from —NO 2 , —CN, —C(═O)—R 1 , —SO 3 H, a hydrogen atom, halogen, methyl, —OR x , wherein R x is 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched, and hydroxyl or a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl group;
wherein Y 1 , if present, is —OH, methyl, —SH, an alkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, straight chain or branched, an alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, or CH a Z b where a+b=3, a=0 to 3, b=0 to 3 and Z is cyano, nitro or a halogen;
wherein R 6 is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, straight chain or branched;
wherein T, if present, is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof excluding 16-phenoxy-LXA 4 and 15-epi-16-(para-fluoro)-phenoxy-LXA 4 ; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
such that inflammation in a subject is modulated.
2 . A method of modulating inflammation in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject an effective anti-inflammatory amount of a composition comprising a compound having the formula
and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said pharmaceutical carrier is not a ketone, such that inflammation in a subject is modulated.
3 . A method of modulating a disease or condition associated with polymorphoneutrophil (PMN) inflammation in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject an effective anti-inflammatory amount of a composition comprising a compound having the formula
and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said pharmaceutical carrier is not a ketone.
such that a disease or condition associated with polymorphoneutrophil (PMN) inflammation in a subject is modulated.
4 . A method of modulating a disease or condition associated with polymorphoneutrophil (PMN) inflammation in a subject, comprising
administering to the subject an effective anti-inflammatory amount of a composition comprising a compound having the formula
wherein X is R 1 , OR 1 , or SR 1 ;
wherein R 1 is
(i) a hydrogen atom;
(ii) an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched;
(iii) a cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms;
(iv) an aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms;
(v) phenyl;
(vi) substituted phenyl
wherein Z i , Z ii , Z iii , Z iv and Z v are each independently selected from —NO 2 , —CN, —C(═O)—R 1 , —SO 3 H, a hydrogen atom, halogen, methyl, —OR x , wherein R x is 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched, and;
(vii) a detectable label molecule; or
(viii) a straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive;
wherein Q 1 is (C═O ), SO 2 or (CN), provided when Q 1 is CN, then X is absent;
wherein one of R 2 and R 3 , if present, is a hydrogen atom and the other is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched;
(c) a cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, inclusive;
(d) an alkenyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched; or
(e) R a Q 2 R b wherein Q 2 is —O— or —S—; wherein R a is alkylene of 0 to 6 carbons atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched and wherein R b is alkyl of 0 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be straight chain or branched, provided when R b is 0, then R b is a hydrogen atom;
wherein R 4 is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched;
wherein R 5 is
wherein Z i , Z ii , Z iii , Z iv and Z v are each independently selected from —NO 2 , —CN, —C(═O)—R 1 , —SO 3 H, a hydrogen atom, halogen, methyl, —OR x , wherein R x is 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, which may be a straight chain or branched, and hydroxyl or a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl group;
wherein Y 1 , if present, is —OH, methyl, —SH, an alkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, straight chain or branched, an alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, or CH a Z b where a+b=3, a=0 to 3, b=0 to 3 and Z is cyano, nitro or a halogen;
wherein R 6 is
(a) H;
(b) an alkyl from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, straight chain or branched;
wherein T, if present, is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof excluding 16-phenoxy-LXA 4 and 15-epi-16-(para-fluoro)-phenoxy-LXA 4 ; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such that a disease or condition associated with polymorphoneutrophil (PMN) inflammation in a subject is modulated.