Stabilized alpha helical peptides and uses thereof
Novel polypeptides and methods of making and using the same are described herein. The polypeptides include cross-linking (“hydrocarbon stapling”) moieties to provide a tether between two amino acid moieties, which constrains the secondary structure of the polypeptide. The polypeptides described herein can be used to treat diseases characterized by excessive or inadequate cellular death.
1. A method for promoting apoptosis of a neoplastic cell in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cross-linked polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the cross-linked polypeptide is derived from a pro-apoptotic protein involved in a cellular apoptotic pathway,
wherein the cross-linked polypeptide has the Formula (I): Formula (I)
wherein:
each R 1 and R 2 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl;
R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, [R 4 —K—R 4 ] n , or a naturally occurring amino acid side chain;
wherein R 3 is substituted with 0-6R 5 ;
R 4 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl;
R 5 is halo, alkyl, OR 6 , N(R 6 ) 2 , SR 6 , SOR 6 , SO 2 R 6 , CO 2 R 6 , R 6 , a fluorescent moiety, or a radioisotope;
K is O, S, SO, SO 2 , CO, CO 2 , CONR 6 , or
R 6 is H, alkyl, or a therapeutic agent;
n is an integer from 1-4;
x is an integer selected from 2-10;
each y is independently an integer from 0-100;
z is an integer from 1-10; and
each Xaa is independently an amino acid;
wherein the polypeptide has a substantially alpha helical secondary structure in aqueous solution.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide displays enhanced alpha-helicity compared to a corresponding uncrosslinked polypeptide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide displays enhanced cell permeability compared to a corresponding uncrosslinked polypeptide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide comprises an alpha-helical domain of a BCL-2 family member.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide comprises an alpha-helical BH3domain of a BCL-2 family member.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide comprises an alpha-helical domain of a Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-2, Al/Bfl-1, Boo/Diva, Nr-13, Ced-9, Bax, Bak, Bok, Mtd, Map-1, Bid, Bad, Bik/Nbk, Blk, Hrk, Bim, Bod, Bnip3, Nix, Noxa, Puma, Bmf, or Egl-1 protein.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide comprises an alpha-helical domain of a Bim, Bid, Bad, Noxa or Puma protein.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a fibrosarcoma, myosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, uterine cancer, cancer of the head and neck, skin cancer, brain cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, or Kaposi sarcoma cell.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a hematopoietic neoplastic cell.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a myeloid neoplastic cell.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a multiple myeloma cell.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein neoplastic cell is a lymphoid malignant cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a lymphoma cell.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Reed-Sternberg, Burkitt's lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma cell.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by an abnormal level or activity of a Bcl-2 family protein.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by overexpression of a Bcl-2 family protein.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by overexpression of a protein selected from Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bcl-w and Al.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by underexpression of a Bcl-2 family protein.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by underexpression of Bid, Bim or Bad.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the neoplastic cell is characterized by underexpression of a BH3-only protein.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein x is 2, 3, or 6, or wherein x is 3 or 6 and z is 1.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein each y is independently an integer between 3 and 15.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 are methyl.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is alkyl or alkenyl.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein x is 3.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein x is 6 and R 1 and R 2 are methyl.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is C 8 alkyl or alkenyl.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is C 11 alkyl or alkenyl.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is C 11 alkenyl and x is 6.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is C 8 alkenyl and x is 3.
33. A method for promoting apoptosis of a neoplastic cell in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cross-linked polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the cross-linked polypeptide is derived from a pro-apoptotic protein involved in a cellular apoptotic pathway,
wherein a crosslink spans at least one turn of an alpha helix between at least two reactive residues within the cross-linked polypeptide; and
wherein at least one of the at least two residues is an α,α-disubstituted amino acid.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide displays enhanced alpha-helicity compared to a corresponding uncrosslinked polypeptide.
35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the cross-linked polypeptide displays enhanced cell permeability compared to a corresponding uncrosslinked polypeptide.
36. The method of claim 33 , wherein the neoplastic cell is a fibrosarcoma, myosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, uterine cancer, cancer of the head and neck, skin cancer, brain cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, or Kaposi sarcoma cell.