Composite materials comprising a thermoplastic matrix polymer and wood particles
The present invention concerns a novel low-temperature thermoplastic wood-biopolymer composite comprised of small wood particles and a polycaprolactone (PCL) homopolymer for use in medical procedures including orthopedic casting or splinting. The material is made from a thermoplastic composite that softens when heated to approximately 60° C., after which it can be formed directly on the patient. The composite then retains its shape as it cools down. The material is composed of epsilon caprolactone homopolymer reinforced with discontinuous short length wood particles.
1. A composite material, comprising
a first component including polycaprolactone having a melt flow index of less than 7 g/10 min, and
a second component including a woody material in the form of platy wood particles, the platy wood particles having a thickness, a width and a length such that a ratio of the thickness of the platy wood particles to the smaller of the width or the length of the platy wood particles is between 1:2 and 1:500, wherein
the composite material has a density of 0.74 g/mL to 0.92 g/mL, and a specific modulus of 800 MPa/(g/mL) to 1080 MPa/(g/mL).
2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein
the first component forms a matrix of the composite, and a microstructure of the second component is discontinuous.
3. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the composite material is formable at a temperature of approximately 50 to 70° C. and being rigid at a temperature of less than 50° C.
4. The composite material according to claim 1 arranged in the form of a finger splint, a wrist cast or an ankle cast.
5. The composite material according to claim 1 , comprising:
5 to 99 parts by weight of the polycaprolactone, and
1 to 95 parts by weight of the woody material, the weight of the woody material being calculated based on the dry weight of said woody material.
6. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the woody material in the form of the platy wood particles forms at least 10% of the total weight of the second component.
7. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the average size of the smallest dimension of the platy wood particles is at least 0.5 mm.
8. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the platy wood particles is greater than 0.1 mm.
9. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the individual wood particles have at least two dimensions greater than 1 mm and one greater than 0.1 mm, said wood particles having an average volume of at least 1 mm 3 .
10. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the wood particles are arranged such that six surfaces of the particles is visually viewable.
11. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the wood particles comprise chips of hardwood, softwood or a combination thereof.
12. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the wood particles are orientated and aligned in a melt flow of the polymer.
13. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein
the second component includes another particulate material that is different from the platy wood particles, a fibrous material or a combination thereof, and
the another particulate material, the fibrous material or the combination thereof being approximately 1% to 15% of the weight of the second component.
14. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the polycaprolactone is selected from the group of epsilon-caprolactone homopolymers, and blends of epsilon-caprolactone homopolymers with other biodegradable thermoplastic homopolymers, with 5-99 wt % of an epsilon-caprolactone homopolymer and 1-95 wt % of a biodegrable thermoplastic polymer, and copolymers of epsilon-caprolactone homopolymer and any thermoplastic biodegrable polymer, with 5 to 99 wt % of repeating units derived from epsilon-caprolactone and 1 to 95 wt % repeating units derived from other polymerizable material.
15. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the polycaprolactone has an average molecular weight of approximately 100,000 to 200,000 g/mol.
16. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the first component has an inherent viscosity in excess of 1 dl/g.
17. A composite material comprising:
a first component including a polycaprolactone having an inherent viscosity between 1.0 dl/g to 2.5 dl/g, and
a second component including a woody material including platy wood particles having a thickness, a width and a length such that a ratio of the thickness of the platy wood particles to the smaller of the width or the length of the platy wood particles is between 1:2 and 1:500, wherein
the composite material has a density of 0.74 g/mL to 0.92 g/mL, and a specific modulus of 800 MPa/(g/mL) to 1080 MPa/(g/mL).
18. The composite material according to claim 17 , wherein the platy wood particles make up more than 70% of the woody material.
19. The composite material according to claim 18 , wherein
the polycaprolactone is in pellet form and has dimensions similar to those of the woody material granular particles, and
the first and second components in the composite material is homogeneous.
20. The composite material according to claim 17 , wherein the thickness of the platy wood particles is greater than 0.1 mm.
21. The composite material according to claim 17 , wherein the woody material includes substantially granular particles having a cubic shape with dimensions from greater than 0.6 mm up to approximately 3.0 mm.
22. The composite material according to claim 21 , wherein the woody material comprises granular particles having an average, sieved size of greater than 0.6 mm up to approximately 3.0 mm.
23. A blank for use as an orthopedic splint after molding of the blank, the blank comprising:
a structure in a form of a plate, sheet, a roll, or a planar, folded, bent or tubular structure, the structure being formed of a composite material that is moldable at a temperature above 50° C., the composite material including:
polycaprolactone polymer having a melt flow index of less than 7 g/10 minutes; and
platy wood particles orientated in two dimensions of the structure, the platy wood particles having a thickness, a width and a length such that: a ratio of the thickness of the platy wood particles to the smaller of the width or the length of the platy wood particles is between 1:2 and 1:500, wherein
the composite material has a density of 0.74 g/mL to 0.92 g/mL, and a specific modulus of 800 MPa/(g/mL) to 1080 MPa/(g/mL).
24. The blank according to claim 23 , wherein the ratio of the thickness of the platy wood particles to the smaller of the width or the length of the platy wood particles is between 1:2 and 1:50.
25. A blank for use as an orthopedic splint after molding of the blank, the blank comprising:
a linear structure in a form of a plate, sheet, a roll, or a planar, folded, bent or tubular structure, the linear structure being formed of a composite material that is moldable at a temperature above 50° C., the composite material including:
polycaprolactone polymer having a melt flow index of less than 7 g/10 minutes; and
platy wood particles orientated along an axis parallel to a length of the linear structure, the platy wood particles having at least two dimensions greater than 1 mm, and one dimension greater than 0.1 mm, the platy wood particles having an average volume of at least 1 mm 3 , wherein
the composite material has a density of 0.74 g/mL to 0.92 g/mL, and a specific modulus of 800 MPa/(g/mL) to 1080 MPa/(g/mL).
26. A method for manufacturing a composite material, the method comprising:
mixing a polycaprolactone polymer having a melt flow index of less than 7 g/10 min with woody materials including platy wood particles and granular wood particles, wherein:
the platy wood particles have a thickness, a width, and a length such that: a ratio of the thickness of the platy wood particles to the smaller of the width or the length of the platy wood particles is between 1:2 and 1:500, and
the composite material has a density of 0.74 g/mL to 0.92 g/mL, and a specific modulus of 800 MPa/(g/mL) to 1080 MPa/(g/mL).
27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the mixing is carried out at a temperature of approximately 50° C. to 190° C. in order to achieve conditions of melt-mixing in an apparatus.