Compositions and methods for reducing inflammation
Blue-green algae, such as Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) or Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) can be fractionated. Anti-inflammatory aqueous fractions of blue-green algae are described herein that include low molecular weight molecules. Methods for reducing inflammation in a subject are also described. These methods include administering to the subject compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-inflammatory aqueous fraction blue-green algae, or dried form thereof, thereby reducing inflammation.
1. A method of reducing inflammation in a subject, comprising:
administering to a subject with inflammation a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an isolated fraction of an extract of a species of Spirulina, or a dried form of the isolated fraction, wherein the isolated fraction has a molecular weight distribution wherein at least 95% of the molecules in the isolated fraction are less than a cut-off weight and the cut-off weight is not more than about 50 kDa; and wherein the isolated fraction and the composition are substantially free of phycocyanin;
thereby reducing inflammation in the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolated fraction and the composition comprise less than about 5 mg/L phycocyanin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered topically, systemically, or orally.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has an allergic reaction, inflammatory arthritis, muscle pain, asthma, or is immunosuppressed.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has an inflammation of skin, joints, muscles, digestive system, mucosal membranes, nervous system, lymph system, cardiovascular system, or endocrine system, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering one or more steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has an inflammation of a muscle and the composition comprises an isolated fraction of an extract of a species of Spirulina .
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing inflammation comprises reducing cytokine secretion.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing inflammation comprises reducing enzymatic activity of lipoxygenase.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing inflammation comprises reducing production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear cells.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing inflammation comprises reducing polymorphonuclear cell migration.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cut-off weight is not more than about 3 kDa.
14. The method of claim 13 , the cut-off weight is not more than about 3 kDa.
15. A method of reducing inflammation a subject, comprising:
selecting a subject with inflammation of a muscle, and
administering to a subject with inflammation a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an isolated fraction of an extract of a species of Spirulina, or a dried form of the isolated fraction, wherein the isolated fraction has a molecular weight distribution wherein at least 95% of the molecules in the isolated fraction are less than a cut-off weight and the cut-off weight is not more than about 50 kDa; and wherein the isolated fraction and the composition are substantially free of phycocyanin;
thereby reducing the inflammation of the muscle in the subject.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cut-off weight is not more than about 3 kDa.