Method for reducing sunburn damage in plants

1. A method of reducing sunburn damage in a cereal plant where the method comprises identifying a cereal plant in need of reducing sunburn damage, and contacting the plant with an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one UV filter, whereby the sunburn damage of the crop plant is controlled, and wherein the at least one UV filter is selected from the group consisting of:

A) benzotriazoles, selected from, [3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]-w-[3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy]poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), 6-tert.-butyl-2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert.-pentylphenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phen-ylethyl)phenol, and compounds of formula I

wherein

X is NH or 0;

R 1 is [C 2 -C 4 -alkoxy] n -(C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) or —[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n —H;

R 2 is H or Cl;

R 3 is H or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl; and

n is an integer between 3 and 50;

B) Cyanoacrylate derivatives selected from ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenylcinnamate, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid-2′-ethylhexyl ester, and compounds of formula

wherein

X is NH or 0;

R 1 is [C 2 -C 4 -alkoxy] n -(C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) or —[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n —H;

n is an integer between 3 and 50;

C) para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives selected from ethyl-PABA, ethoxylated PABA, ethyl-dihydroxypropyl-PABA, Glycerol-PABA, 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 2-octyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, amyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, and 4-bis(polyethoxy)-4-amino benzoic acid polyethoxyethyl ester;

D) esters of salicylic acid selected from 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate, TEA salicylate, and dipropyleneglycol salicylate;

E) esters of cinnamic acid selected from, octyl-p-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, isoamyl-4-methoxycinnamate, conoxate, diisopropyl methylcinnamate, etocrylene, and compounds of formula

wherein

X is NH or 0;

R 1 is H or [C 2 -C 4 -alkoxy] n (C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) or —[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n —H;

R 2 is OH or C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy;

p is an integer between 0 and 5; and

n is an integer between 3 and 50;

F) derivatives of benzophenone selected from, 2 hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone, 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic acid hexylester, 4-n-octyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxybenophenone derivatives selected from: 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octyloxy-, 4-decyloxy-, 4-dodecyloxy-, 4-benzyloxy-, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxy-; 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, and compounds of formula:

wherein

X is NH or 0;

R 1 is H or [C 2 -C 4 -alkoxy] n -(C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) or —[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n —H;

R 2 is OH or C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy;

p is an integer between 0 and 5; and

R 3 is H or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl; and

n is an integer between 3 and 50;

G) sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones selected from 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts, and 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone-5,5′-sulfonic acid and its salts;

H) 3-benzylidenecamphor and derivatives thereof selected from 3-(4′-methylbenzyl-idene)d-1-camphor, and benzylidiene camphor sulfonic acid;

I) sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidenecamphor selected from 4-(2-oxo-3-bor-nylidenemethyl)benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3-bornyl-idene)sulfonic acid and salts thereof;

J) esters of benzalmalonic acid selected from 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate;

K) triazine derivatives selected from dioctylbutamidotriazone, 2,4,6-trinanilino-p-(carbo-2′-ethyl-hexyl-1′-oxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-(2′-ethyl)hexyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, anisotriazine, 2,4,6-tris(diisobutyl 4′-aminobenzalmalonate)-s-triazine, and compounds of formula

wherein

X is NH or 0;

R 1a , R 1b , R 1c are independently of each other H, [C 2 -C 4 -alkoxy] n -(C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) or —[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n —H;

R 2a , R 2b , R 2c are independently of each other OH or C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy;

p is an integer between 0 and 4; and

n is an integer between 3 and 50;

L) propane-1,3-diones selected from 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione;

M) 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid or 2-phenylbenzimidazole-4-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium salts thereof;

N) derivatives of benzoylmethane selected from 1-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxy-phenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane and 1-phenyl-3-(4′-isopropylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione;

O) aminohydroxy-substituted derivatives of benzophenones selected from N,N-diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl-n-hexylbenzoate; and

P) a mixture of p-methoxycinnamic acid ethylhexyl ester (65%) and 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid hexylester (35%).

2. The method according to claim 1 for reducing light-dependent symptoms caused by excessive sunlight wherein said symptoms comprise wilting, chloroses, necroses, and/or spotting of the aerial parts.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the UV filter is water-soluble.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the UV filter is selected from group A).

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crop plant is barley and a symptom to be reduced is physiological leaf-spots.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a mixture of at least one UV filter and at least one active substance selected from the group consisting of:

A′) strobilurins,

B′) carboxamides selected from

carboxanilides,

carboxylic morpholides,

benzoic acid amides,

carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytetracyclin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide,

C′) azoles selected from

triazoles,

imidazoles,

benzimidazoles, and

ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole and 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide,

D′) heterocyclic compounds selected from

pyridines

pyrimidines

piperazines

pyrroles

morpholines

piperidines

dicarboximides

non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles; and

acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan, chinomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate, fenoxanil, Folpet, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole, and 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine,

E′) carbamates selected from

thio- and dithiocarbamates

F′) other active substances selected from

guanidines,

antibiotics,

nitrophenyl derivates,

organometal compounds,

sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds,

organophosphorus compounds,

organochlorine compounds,

inorganic active substances,

biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxamine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, 2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-amide, 2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl-amide, acetic acid 6-tert.-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester and methoxy-acetic acid 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester; and

G′) inorganic substances selected from

kaolin and metal oxides.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one active substance is selected from the group consisting of:

A′) strobilurins selected from

azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropane-carboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester, methyl(2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide;

B′) carboxanilides selected from: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4′-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;

carboxylic morpholides selected from: dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph;

benzoic acid amides selected from: flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, zoxamide, N-(3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxy-benzamide;

carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytetracyclin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide;

C′) triazoles selected from: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, and 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol;

imidazoles selected from: cyazofamid, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, and triflumizol;

benzimidazoles selected from: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, and thiabendazole; and

ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole and 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide;

D′) pyridines selected from: fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, and N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4-dichloronicotinamide, and N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]-2,4-dichloronicotinamide;

pyrimidines selected from: bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, fenarimol, ferimzone, mepanipyrim, nitrapyrin, nuarimol, and pyrimethanil;

piperazines selected from: triforine;

pyrroles selected from: fenpiclonil, and fludioxonil;

morpholines selected from: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, and tridemorph;

piperidines selected from: fenpropidin;

dicarboximides selected from: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, and vinclozolin;

non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles selected from: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole, and 5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid S-allyl ester;

acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan, chinomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate, fenoxanil, Folpet, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, and 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine;

E′) thio- and dithiocarbamates selected from: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;

carbamates selected from: benthiavalicarb, diethofencarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, valiphenal and N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester; and

F′) guanidines selected from: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, and iminoctadine-tris(albesilate);

antibiotics selected from: kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, streptomycin, polyoxine, validamycin A;

nitrophenyl derivates selected from: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-isopropyl, and tecnazen, organometal compounds selected from: fentin salts selected from fentin-acetate, fentin chloride and fentin hydroxide;

sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds selected from: dithianon, and isoprothiolane;

organophosphorus compounds selected from: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, and tolclofos-methyl;

organochlorine compounds selected from: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, and N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide;

inorganic active substances selected from: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, and sulfur; and

biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxamine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, 2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-amide, 2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl-amide, acetic acid 6-tert.-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester and methoxy-acetic acid 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester; and

G′) kaolin and metal oxides selected from TiO 2 , ZnO and CeO 2 .