Glycosylated chlorambucil analogs and uses thereof

1. A chlorambucil neoglycoside having the general formula:

wherein

represents a reducing sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of an L-sugar, a D-sugar, a deoxy-sugar, a dideoxy-sugar, a glucose epimer, a sugar substituted with benzyl, acetyl, halogen, amino, methyl or alloc, a uronic acid, and an oligosaccharide.

2. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 1 , wherein the reducing sugar moiety is selected from the group consisting of D-allose (10), L-allose (11), D-altrose (12), L-altrose (13), D-arabinose (14), L-arabinose (15), 2,3,5-O-tribenzyl-D-arabinose (16), D-cellobiose (17), D-digitoxose (18), D-erythrose (19), D-fucose (20), L-fucose (21), 2,3,4-O-tribenzyl-L-fucose (22), D-galactose (23), L-galactose (24), 2-deoxy-D-galactose (25), D-galacturonose (26), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (27), D-glucose (28), L-glucose (29), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (30), 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (31), 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose (32), 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (33), 6-deoxy-6-amino-D-glucose (34), 6-deoxy-6-amino-6-N-alloc-D-glucose (35), 6-chloro-6-deoxy-D-glucose (36), 6-deoxy-D-glucose (37), D-glucuronose (38), D-glucuronolactone (39), L-gulose (40), D-lyxose (41), L-lyxose (42), D-mannose (43), L-mannose (44), N-acetyl-D mannosamine (45), D-Galacto-(1,4)-β-D-Mannose (46), D-melibiose (47), D-MurNAc (48), L-noviose (49), D-olivose (50), L-rhamnose (51), 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-L-rhamnose (52), D-ribose (53), L-ribose (54), 2-deoxy-D-ribose (55), 2-deoxy-L-ribose (56), 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribose (57), D-talose (58), L-talose (59), D-threose (60), L-threose (61), D-xylose (62), and L-xylose (63).

3. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 2 , wherein the reducing sugar moiety is D-arabinose (14), L-arabinose (15), D-glucuronolactone (39), D-threose (60), L-threose (61), D-xylose (62), or L-xylose (63).

4. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 3 , wherein the reducing sugar is D-glucuronolactone (39) or D-threose (60).

5. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 4 , wherein the reducing sugar is D-threose (60).

6. A chlorambucil neoglycoside having the general formula:

wherein

represents a reducing sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of an L-sugar, a D-sugar, a deoxy-sugar, a dideoxy-sugar, a glucose epimer, a sugar substituted with benzyl, acetyl, halogen, amino, methyl or alloc, a uronic acid, and an oligosaccharide.

7. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 6 , wherein the reducing sugar moiety is D-fucose (66), D-glucuronolactone (67), or D-ribose (68).

8. A chlorambucil neoglycoside produced when an aglycon chlorambucil analog selected from the group consisting of

is contacted with a reducing sugar selected from the group consisting of an L-sugar, a D-sugar, a deoxy-sugar, a dideoxy-sugar, a glucose epimer, a sugar substituted with benzyl, acetyl, halogen, amino, methyl or alloc, a uronic acid, an oligosaccharide and mixtures thereof.

9. The chlorambucil neoglycoside of claim 8 , wherein the reducing sugar is selected from the group consisting of D-allose, L-allose, D-altrose, L-altrose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, 2,3,5-O-tribenzyl-D-arabinose, D-cellobiose, D-digitoxose, D-erythrose, D-fucose, L-fucose, 2,3,4-O-tribenzyl-L-fucose, D-galactose, L-galactose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-galacturonose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-glucose, L-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 6-amino-6-deoxy-D-glucose, 6-N-alloc-6-amino-6-deoxy-D-glucose, 6-chloro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, D-glucuronose, D-glucuronolactone, L-gulose, D-lyxose, L-lyxose, D-mannose, L-mannose, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, D-Galacto-(1,4)-β-D-Mannose, D-melibiose, D-MurNAc, L-noviose, D-olivose, L-rhamnose, 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-L-rhamnose, D-ribose, L-ribose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, 2-deoxy-L-ribose, 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribose, D-talose, L-talose, D-threose, L-threose, D-xylose, L-xylose; and mixtures thereof.

10. A composition comprising the chlorambucil neoglycoside according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

11. A library of chlorambucil neoglycosides comprising two or more of the chlorambucil neoglycosides according to claim 1 .

12. A method of treating cancer cells in a subject comprising the step of contacting the cancer cells in the subject with an effective amount of one or more of the chlorambucil neoglycosides according to claim 1 , whereby said cancer cells are treated in the subject.

13. A method of treating cancer cells in a subject comprising the step of contacting the cancer cells in the subject with an effective amount of one or more of a chlorambucil neoglycoside having the formula:

wherein

represents a reducing sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of D-allose (10), D-altrose (12), D-arabinose (14), D-fucose (20), L-fucose (21), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (30), D-glucuronose (38), D-glucuronolactone (39), L-gulose (40), D-lyxose (41), L-lyxose (42), L-ribose (54), 2-deoxy-D-ribose (55), D-threose (60), L-threose (61), D-xylose (62), and L-xylose (63); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereby said cancer cells are treated in the subject.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reducing sugar moiety is D-arabinose (14), L-arabinose (15), D-glucuronolactone (39), D-threose (60), L-threose (61), D-xylose (62), or L-xylose (63).

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the reducing sugar is D-glucuronolactone (39) or D-threose (60).

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reducing sugar is D-threose (60).

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cancer cells being contacted with an effective amount of the chlorambucil neoglycoside or pharmaceutically acceptable ester, salt or prodrug thereof are selected from human lung cancer cells, human colorectal cancer cells, human liver cancer cells, human breast cancer cells, human ovarian cancer cells, and human central nervous system cancer cells.