NANOWIRE INK COMPOSITIONS AND PRINTING OF SAME
Described herein are ink compositions suitable for forming conductive films by printing, in particular, by gravure, flexographic, and reverse offset printing.
1 . An ink composition comprising:
a plurality of metal nanostructures,
one or more viscosity modifier; and
an aqueous liquid carrier including water and one or more water-miscible co-solvents, wherein the water is about 40-60% by weight percentage of the aqueous liquid carrier.
2 . The ink composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more surfactants.
3 . The ink composition of claim 1 further comprising an adhesion promoter.
4 . The ink composition of claim 3 wherein the adhesion promoter is a organosilane compound.
5 . The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the co-solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol (IPA), n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, or ethylene glycol.
6 . The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the water and the co-solvent are in a w/w ratio of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, or in the range from 1:2 to 2:1.
7 . The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the metal nanostructures are silver nanostructures in ranges of 0.1-1%, 0.1-4%, 0.1-1.5%, or 1-4% by weight percentage of the ink composition.
8 . The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the viscosity modifier is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or a combination thereof.
9 . The ink composition of claim 1 having a viscosity in the range of 1-1000 cP.
10 . A method, comprising:
providing a semi-aqueous ink composition comprising: a plurality of metal nanostructures, one or more viscosity modifiers, and an aqueous liquid carrier, wherein the aqueous liquid carrier includes 40-60% of water; and
printing the ink composition by gravure or flexography onto a printing substrate.
11 . The method of claim 10 wherein printing comprises printing according to a pattern.
12 . An ink composition, comprising:
a plurality of metal nanostructures;
one or more viscosity modifiers; and
a non-aqueous liquid carrier.
13 . The ink composition of claim 12 wherein the non-aqueous liquid carrier comprises a primary organic solvent.
14 . The ink composition of claim 13 wherein the primary organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol (IPA), n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol.
15 . The ink composition of claim 13 wherein the non-aqueous liquid carrier further comprises an additive having a boiling point of more than 180° C.
16 . The ink composition of claim 15 wherein the additive is propylene glycol, isophorone, benzyl alcohol, terpineol, N-octylpyrrolidone, or dipropylene glycol methyl ether.
17 . The ink composition of claim 12 wherein the metal nanostructures are silver nanostructures in ranges of 0.1-1%, 0.1-4%, 0.1-1.5%, or 1-4% by weight percentage of the ink composition.
18 . The ink composition of claim 12 wherein the viscosity modifier is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or a combination thereof.
19 . A method, comprising:
providing a non-aqueous ink composition comprising: a plurality of metal nanostructures, optionally one or more surfactants, a viscosity modifier, and a non-aqueous liquid carrier;
coating the non-aqueous ink composition on a blanket roller;
forming a patterned coating layer on the blanket roller by pressing the blanket roller on a patterned printing plate; and
transferring the patterned coating layer to a printing substrate.
20 . The method of claim 19 wherein the non-aqueous ink composition comprises a primary organic solvent and an additive having a boiling point of more than 180° C.