High-speed signaling systems with adaptable pre-emphasis and equalization
A signaling system includes a pre-emphasizing transmitter and an equalizing receiver coupled to one another via a high-speed signal path. The receiver measures the quality of data conveyed from the transmitter. A controller uses this information and other information to adaptively establish appropriate transmit pre-emphasis and receive equalization settings, e.g. to select the lowest power setting for which the signaling system provides some minimum communication bandwidth without exceeding a desired bit-error rate.
1. A system comprising:
a transmitter having circuitry to equalize data to be transmitted over a signaling path, the circuitry including a post-cursor tap, a main tap, and a pre-cursor tap; and
a receiver to receive the data, the receiver having
a linear equalizer to equalize the data received from the signaling path, and
a decision-feedback equalizer with one or more taps to equalize an output of the linear equalizer;
where, in a first power mode, the circuitry enables the pre-cursor tap to equalize the data to be transmitted to the receiver only for pre-tap interference, and disables the post-cursor tap; and
where, in a second power mode, the post-cursor tap is enabled, and the linear equalized is disabled.
2. The system of claim 1 , where the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) comprises a partial-response DFE that includes alternative decision parallel paths to process the received data, and where a selection of an output from one of the alternative paths is based on a prior resolved signal.
3. The system of claim 1 , where the pre-cursor tap precedes the main tap in the first mode and the post-cursor tap follows the main tap in the second mode.
4. The system of claim 3 , where the linear equalizer is enabled in the first mode and is disabled in the second mode.
5. The system of claim 4 , where the transmitter is to select the first or the second mode in response to a desired system power level.
6. The system of claim 5 , where the measure of signal quality includes a least one of a data level, a voltage margin or a bit error rate associated with the data transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver.
7. The system of claim 6 , where the transmitter power is constant in both the first power mode and the second power mode.
8. The system of claim 1 , where the transmitter transmits the data to the receiver as a serial, differential output signal.
9. The system of claim 1 , where the circuitry includes plural subdrivers each contributing to overall drive strength used for the data in a manner varied in accordance with a multi-bit power setting.
10. The system of claim 9 , where total drive current provided by all sub-drivers remains constant irrespective of variance of drive current for any individual subdriver.
11. The system of claim 9 , where drive current of each of the plural subdrivers is varied according to a fraction of ½ n .
12. The system of claim 1 , where the transmitter further comprises a serializer to accept parallel data and produce an input bit sequence, where the transmitter uses the circuitry to transmit the data responsive to the input bit sequence as a serial output signal.
13. A system comprising:
a transmitter having circuitry to equalize data to be transmitted over a signaling path, the circuitry including a post-cursor tap, a main tap, and a pre-cursor tap, the circuitry to equalize the data only for precursor interference; and
a receiver to receive the data, the receiver having
a linear equalizer to equalize the data received from the signaling path, and
a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with one or more taps to equalize an output of the linear equalizer only for post cursor interference;
where, in a first power mode, the decision-feedback equalizer is to equalize the output of the linear equalizer for symbols of latency greater than a predetermined latency, and where the circuitry is to equalize the data for symbol latency not overlapping equalization provided by the decision-feedback equalizer; and
where, in a second power mode, the linear equalizer and the one or more taps of the DFE are disabled.
14. The system of claim 13 , where the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) comprises a partial-response DFE that includes alternative parallel decision paths to process the received data, and where a selection of an output from one of the alternative paths is based on a prior resolved signal.
15. The system of claim 13 , where in the first mode, the pre-cursor tap is to provide equalization only for precursor interference, and where in the second mode, the post-cursor tap is to provide equalization only for post-cursor interference.
16. The system of claim 13 , where the pre-cursor tap is enabled in the first mode and is disabled in the second mode.
17. The system of claim 13 where the transmitter transmits the data to the receiver as a serial, differential output signal.
18. The system of claim 13 where the circuitry includes plural subdrivers, each contributing to overall drive strength used for the data in a manner varied in accordance with a multi-bit power setting.
19. The system of claim 18 , where total drive current provided by all sub-drivers remains constant irrespective of variance of drive current for any individual subdriver.
20. The system of claim 19 , where drive current of each of the plural subdrivers is varied according to a fraction of ½ n .
21. The system of claim 13 , where the transmitter further comprises a serializer to accept parallel data and produce an input bit sequence, where the transmitter uses the circuitry to transmit the data responsive to the input bit sequence as a serial output signal.
22. The system of claim 13 , where the decision-feedback equalizer is to equalize the first receiver-equalized signal for interference for symbol latency exceeding a first latency relative to a current symbol, and where the circuitry on the first integrated circuit is to equalize the input data signal for interference associated with symbol latency not exceeding the current latency relative to the current symbol.
23. A method comprising:
in a first power mode,
using circuitry on a first integrated circuit to equalize an input data signal only for precursor interference and transmit an equalized data signal to a second integrated circuit, the circuitry including a post-cursor tap, a main tap, and a pre-cursor tap;
using a linear equalizer on the second integrated circuit to further equalize the equalized data signal to provide a first receiver-equalized signal; and
using a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) on the second integrated circuit to further equalize the first receiver-equalized signal only for post cursor interference to provide a second receiver-equalized signal;
where using the decision-feedback equalizer includes equalizing the first receiver-equalized signal for symbol latency exceeding a first latency relative to a current symbol, and where using the circuitry on the first integrated circuit includes equalizing the input data signal for symbol latency not exceeding the first latency relative to the current symbol; and
in a second power mode,
disabling the linear equalizer and the DFE, and using the circuitry to equalize for post-cursor intersymbol interference.
24. The method of claim 23 , where in the first mode the at least one decision-feedback equalizer tap is to equalize the first receiver-equalized signal for the post-cursor interference.
25. A method comprising:
in a first power mode,
using circuitry on a first integrated circuit to equalize an input data signal only for precursor interference and transmit an equalized data signal to a second integrated circuit, the circuitry including a post-cursor tap, a main tap, and a pre-cursor tap;
using a linear equalizer on the second integrated circuit to further equalize the equalized data signal to provide a first receiver-equalized signal; and
using a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) on the second integrated circuit to further equalize the first receiver-equalized signal only for post cursor interference to provide a second receiver-equalized signal;
where using the decision-feedback equalizer includes equalizing the first receiver-equalized signal for symbol latency exceeding a first latency relative to a current symbol, and where using the circuitry on the first integrated circuit includes equalizing the input data signal for symbol latency not overlapping the decision-feedback equalizer; and
in a second power mode, disabling the linear equalizer and the DFE, and using the circuitry to equalize for post-cursor intersymbol interference.