Fused compounds that inhibit vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1) receptor

1. A process for preparing a compound having structural formula (VIII),

wherein,

R 1 is hydrogen or alkyl and

R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are each individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylthio, alkynyl, aryl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, formyl, formylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, heterocycle, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, mercaptoalkyl, nitro, (CF 3 ) 2 (HO)C—, R B (SO) 2 R A N—, R A O(SO) 2 —, R B O(SO) 2 —, Z A Z B N—, (Z A Z B N)alkyl, (Z A Z B N)carbonyl, (Z A Z B N)carbonylalkyl, and (Z A Z B N)sulfonyl, wherein Z A and Z B are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, aryl, or arylalkyl, provided that at least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , or R 12 is other than hydrogen, or R 10 and R 11 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycle ring;

comprising, the steps of:

(a) reacting a compound of formula (VI) with a compound of formula (VII) to provide a compound of formula (VIIIa)

 and

(b) treating a compound of formula (VIIIa) with sodium hydroxide in methanol to provide the compound of formula (VIII)

2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound having structural formula (VI),

is prepared by a process comprising:

(a) reacting a 2-alkyl substituted 3-nitro-aniline (VIa) in acetic acid with sodium nitrite to provide a compound of formula (VIb)

(b) reacting a compound of formula (VIb) with an alkyl chloroformate and a base to provide a compound of formula (VIc)

(c) reacting a compound of formula (VIc) with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of palladium on carbon in a solvent to provide a compound of formula (VId)

 and

(d) reacting a compound of formula (VId) with a compound of formula (VIe) in a solvent to provide a compound of formula (VI)

3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound having structural formula (VII),

is prepared by a process comprising:

(a) reacting 3-chloropropionyl chloride with aluminum trichloride in dichloromethane followed by addition of a substituted benzene (VIa), wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are as defined in claim 1 to provide a compound of formula (VIIb)

(b) reacting a compound of formula (VIIb) with concentrated sulfuric acid to provide a compound of formula (VIIc)

(c) heating a compound of formula (VIIc) and a compound of formula (VIId) in the presence of or absence of an acid in toluene in a flask fitted with a Dean-Stark trap followed by adding the mixture to a solution of sodium borohydride in ethanol at a temperature less than or about 0° C., followed by stirring, followed by the slow addition of water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate to provide the compound of formula (VIIe) which is optionally purified before use in step (d)

 and

(d) reacting a compound of formula (VIIe) with an atmosphere of hydrogen at about 40 psi in the presence of about 5-20% palladium on carbon in a solvent with or without an acid to provide a compound of formula (VII) which is optionally purified

4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the compound of formula (VIIe) is further purified by preparing the salt with an acid and recrystallized prior to step (d).

5. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the compound of formula (VIIe) is further purified by preparing the tosylate salt and recrystallized prior to step (d).

6. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the compound of formula (VII) is further purified by preparing the salt with an acid and recrystallized.

7. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the compound of formula (VII) is further purified by preparing the tosylate salt and recrystallized.

8. A process for preparing a compound having structural formula (XI),

comprising, in toto, the steps of:

(a) reacting a compound of formula (IX) with a compound of formula (X) to provide a compound of formula (XIa)

 and

(b) reacting a compound of formula (XIa) with sodium hydroxide in methanol to provide the compound of formula (XI)

9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the compound having structural formula (IX),

is prepared by a process comprising:

(a) reacting 2-methyl 3-nitro-analine (IXa) of in acetic acid with sodium nitrite to provide a compound of formula (IXb)

(b) reacting a compound of formula (IXb) with methyl chloroformate and a base to provide a compound of formula (IXc)

(c) reacting a compound of formula (IXc) with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of palladium on carbon in a solvent to provide a compound of formula (IXd)

 and

(d) reacting a compound of formula (IXd) with a compound of formula (IXe) in a solvent to provide a compound of formula (IX)

10. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the compound having structural formula (X),

is prepared by a process comprising:

(a) reacting 3-chloropropionyl chloride with aluminum trichloride in dichloromethane followed by addition of a tert-butyl benzene (Xa), to provide a compound of formula (Xb)

(b) reacting a compound of formula (Xb) with concentrated sulfuric acid to provide a compound of formula (Xc)

(c) heating a compound of formula (Xc) and a compound of formula (Xd) in the presence of or absence of an acid in toluene in a flask fitted with a Dean-Stark trap followed by adding the mixture to a solution of sodium borohydride in ethanol at a temperature of about 0° C., followed by stirring, followed by the slow addition of water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate to provide the compound of formula (Xe) which is optionally purified before use in step (d)

 and

(d) reacting a compound of formula (Xe) with an atmosphere of hydrogen at 40 psi in the presence of about 5-20% palladium on carbon in a solvent with or without an acid to provide a compound of formula (X) which is optionally purified

11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the compound of formula (Xe) is further purified by preparing the salt with an acid and recrystallized prior to step (d).

12. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the compound of formula (Xe) is further purified by preparing the tosylate salt and recrystallized prior to step (d).

13. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the compound of formula (X) is further purified by preparing the salt with an acid and recrystallized.

14. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the compound of formula (X) is further purified by preparing the tosylate salt and recrystallized.