Method of producing particulate-reinforced composites and composites produced thereby
A process for producing particle-reinforced composite materials through utilization of an in situ reaction to produce a uniform dispersion of a fine particulate reinforcement phase. The process includes forming a melt of a first material, and then introducing particles of a second material into the melt and subjecting the melt to high-intensity acoustic vibration. A chemical reaction initiates between the first and second materials to produce reaction products in the melt. The reaction products comprise a solid particulate phase, and the high-intensity acoustic vibration fragments and/or separates the reaction products into solid particles that are dispersed in the melt and are smaller than the particles of the second material. Also encompassed are particle-reinforced composite materials produced by such a process.
1. A process of producing a particulate-reinforced composite material, the process comprising:
forming a melt of a first material;
introducing particles of a second material into the melt and subjecting the melt to high-intensity acoustic vibration, wherein the particles of the second material have a melting temperature that is higher than the temperature of the melt, wherein a chemical reaction initiates between the first and second materials that produces reaction products in the melt, the reaction products comprising a solid particulate phase in the melt, the high-intensity acoustic vibration fragmenting and/or separating the reaction products into solid particles that are dispersed in the melt and are smaller than the particles of the second material.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composite material is a metal matrix composite material.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first material is a metallic material.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is a metallic material.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid particulate phase is an intermetallic material.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid particles are an intermetallic material.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high-intensity acoustic vibration is injected into the melt to have a sufficiently high intensity to induce in the melt at least one nonlinear effect chosen from the group consisting of cavitation, acoustic streaming, and radiation pressure.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high-intensity acoustic vibration lowers the temperature at which the chemical reaction is initiated between the first and second materials.
9. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of cooling the melt, during which additional solid particles nucleate and form from dissolved elements in the melt.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the high-intensity acoustic vibration causes the additional solid particles to fragment and/or separate into additional solid particles that are smaller than the particles of the second material.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first material is aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel, an aluminum-based alloy, a magnesium-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy, or a nickel-based alloy.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is added to the melt in an amount of about 5 wt. % of the combined weight of the melt and the second material.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is titanium or a titanium-based alloy, and the solid particulate phase and the solid particles formed therefrom comprise Al 3 Ti.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composite material produced by the process is a particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composite or a particulate-reinforced magnesium matrix composite.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the particles of the second material have a particle size of greater than ten nanometers.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid particles have a particle size of less than ten micrometers.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid particles have a particle size of less than one micrometer.