Multi plasmid system for the production of influenza virus
Vectors and methods for the production of influenza viruses suitable as recombinant influenza vaccines in cell culture are provided. Bi-directional expression vectors for use in a multi-plasmid influenza virus expression system are provided. Additionally, the invention provides methods of producing influenza viruses with enhanced ability to replicate in embryonated chicken eggs and/or cells (e.g., Vero and/or MDCK) and further provides influenza viruses with enhanced replication characteristics. A method of producing a cold adapted (ca) influenza virus that replicates efficiently at, e.g., 25° C. (and immunogenic compositions comprising the same) is also provided.
1. An isolated, reassortant influenza B virus, comprising:
a modified, full-length NP polypeptide comprising an amino acid substitution at position 114 to alanine and an amino acid substitution at position 410 to histidine, wherein the modified, full-length NP polypeptide comprises a threonine at position 55; and
a modified, full-length PA polypeptide comprising an amino acid substitution at position 431 to methionine;
wherein the isolated, reassortant influenza B virus has a temperature sensitive phenotype.
2. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the modified, full-length PA polypeptide comprises a tyrosine at position 497.
3. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 , wherein amino acid substitutions in the modified, full-length NP polypeptide consist of a substitution at position 114 to alanine, a substitution at position 410 to histidine, and a substitution at position 509 to threonine.
4. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 3 , wherein amino acid substitutions in the modified, full-length PA polypeptide consist of a substitution at position 431 to methionine.
5. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , which is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
6. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 4 , which is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
7. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
8. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 4 , wherein the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
9. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the virus is derived from a B/Ann Arbor/1/66 strain.
10. The isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 4 , wherein the virus is derived from a B/Ann Arbor/1/66 strain.
11. An immunogenic composition comprising the isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 .
12. An immunogenic composition comprising the isolated, reassortant influenza B virus of claim 4 .
13. A method for stimulating an immune response, which comprises administering the immunogenic composition of claim 11 .
14. A method for stimulating an immune response, which comprises administering the immunogenic composition of claim 12 .
15. A method for making a reassortant influenza B virus, comprising:
(a) introducing mutations in an influenza B virus genome that result in (i) a modified, full-length NP polypeptide comprising an amino acid substitution at position 114 to alanine and an amino acid substitution at position 410 to histidine, wherein the modified, full-length NP polypeptide comprises a threonine at position 55, and (ii) a modified, full-length PA polypeptide comprising an amino acid substitution at position 431 to methionine;
(b) introducing a plurality of vectors into a population of cultured host cells, wherein the plurality of vectors corresponds to the influenza B virus genome and the plurality of vectors comprises the mutations recited in (a);
(c) culturing the population of host cells; and
(d) recovering the reassortant influenza B virus produced by the host cells in step (c), wherein the influenza B virus has a temperature sensitive phenotype.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the modified, full-length PA polypeptide comprises a tyrosine at amino acid position 497.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein amino acid substitutions in the modified, full-length NP polypeptide consist of a substitution at position 114 to alanine, a substitution at position 410 to histidine, and a substitution at position 509 to threonine.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein amino acid substitutions in the modified, full-length PA polypeptide consist of a substitution at position 431 to methionine.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the influenza B virus produced by the host cells is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
21. The method of claim 15 , further comprising amplifying the reassortant influenza B virus of step (d) by passage in cultured cells or in hen's eggs.