Lentiviral triplex DNA, and vectors and recombinant cells containing lentiviral triplex DNA
The present invention provides nucleic acid, vectors, viruses, and recombinant cells comprising triple-stranded structures, such as those resulting from central initiation and termination of HIV-1 reverse transcription at the center of HIV-1 linear DNA genomes. These triplex structures can act as a cis-determinant of HIV-1 DNA nuclear import, allowing infection of non-dividing target cells. In one aspect, the presence of the DNA triplex sequence in an HIV vector strongly stimulates gene transfer in hematopoietic stem cells. The invention also provides methods of using these triplex structures for making recombinant cells, as well as methods of using the recombinant cells to express proteins of interest both in vitro and in vivo.
1. A method of introducing a heterologous nucleic acid sequence into the nucleus of a cell comprising transducing the cell with a lentiviral vector particle comprising a nucleic acid comprising:
(a) at least one copy of the cPPT and CTS cis-acting regions of a retrovirus, wherein said cPPT and CTS regions induce a three-stranded DNA structure,
(b) a heterologous nucleic acid sequence, and
(c) an HIV-1 LTR that is deleted for the promoter and the enhancer of U3.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cPPT and CTS regions are lentiviral cPPT and CTS regions.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cPPT and CTS regions are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cPPT and CTS regions.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cPPT and CTS regions are HIV-1 cPPT and CTS regions.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cPPT and CTS regions are HIV-2 cPPT and CTS regions.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cPPT and CTS regions are VISNA, EIAV, FIV, or CAEV cPPT and CTS regions.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
15. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
18. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cell is transduced in vivo.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a HeLa cell.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a hematopoietic stem cell.