Material delivery system
A method for injecting a therapeutic agent into a target tissue, the method comprising: (a) providing an expandable member; (b) positioning said expandable member in proximity to the target tissue; (c) Introducing the therapeutic agent into the expandable member until a desired pressure is achieved; and (d) creating a plurality of small apertures in the expandable member.
1. A method for injecting a therapeutic agent into a target tissue, the method comprising:
(a) providing an expandable member including an outer wall characterized by a plurality of exit sites therein, said outer wall defining an inner cavity;
(b) filling the inner cavity with a flowing therapeutic agent to a defined first pressure sufficient for performance of PTCA;
(c) thereafter, increasing said pressure to a second pressure in excess of said defined first pressure to open said exit sites; and
(d) releasing the therapeutic agent through the exit sites, said second pressure being such that one or more jets are formed when the therapeutic agent is released through said open exit sites,
(e) wherein the velocity of the released therapeutic agent is sufficient for the therapeutic agent to penetrate the target tissue.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said expandable member includes at least one balloon.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second pressure is 16 ATM.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second pressure is 20 ATM.
5. A method according to claim 1 , where the second pressure is at least 15 atmospheres.
6. A method according to claim 1 , where the second pressure is sufficient to cause said therapeutic agent to exit through said apertures at a speed of at least 20 meters/second.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent enters the target tissue intracellularly.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the target tissue is located around a body lumen.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of said exit sites are aimed transaxially with respect to said expandable member.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of said exit sites are aimed radially with respect to said expandable member.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further including performing PTCA at said defined first pressure before increasing the pressure to said second pressure.
12. A method according to claim 8 , wherein said body lumen is a blood vessel.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes a cytotoxic agent.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes a fibrotic agent.
15. A method according to claim 13 , wherein said cytotoxic agent includes an alcohol.
16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said alcohol includes ethanol.
17. A method according to claim 13 , wherein entry of said cytotoxic agent into said target tissue blocks transmission of an electric signal through said target tissue.
18. A method according to claim 17 , applied to ameliorate Atrial Fibrillation.
19. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes a chemotherapeutic agent.
20. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the target tissue is a tumor.
21. A method according to claim 20 , wherein the tumor is located on an inner surface of a urinary bladder.
22. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes an anti-proliferation compound.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the expandable member includes an inner expandable member and an outer expandable member and wherein the exit sites are formed from a plurality of apertures on the outer expandable member sealed by the inner expandable member.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the therapeutic agent is released by rupture of the inner expandable member to expose at least one exit site.
25. A method according to claim 1 , further including positioning the expandable member using an image guidance system.
26. A method according to claim 11 , further including positioning the expandable member using an intrabody camera.
27. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said target tissue includes a portion of a pulmonary vein conducting an electric signal which contributes to Atrial Fibrillation.
28. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent enters said target tissue at a concentration of at least 1 nanogram per milligram of tissue.
29. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent includes particles with a size in the range of 1 nanometer to 100 micrometers.
30. A method according to claim 29 , wherein said particles include at least one metal.
31. A method according to claim 29 , wherein said particles include at least one nucleic acid sequence.
32. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said body cavity includes a nostril.
33. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said body cavity includes a nasal sinus.
34. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said body cavity includes a portion of a genitourinary tract.
35. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said body cavity includes a portion of a digestive tract.
36. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said body cavity is a nostril and/or adjoining nasal sinuses and the method provides relief from rhinitis.
37. A method for injecting a fluid to penetrate into a tissue, the method comprising:
(a) expanding a member including an outer wall defining an inner cavity, and characterized by a plurality of exit sites therein;
(b) filling said inner cavity with a flowing therapeutic agent at a defined first pressure sufficient for performance of PTCA without significant leakage through said exit sites; and
(c) releasing said therapeutic agent by transforming said exit sites into ejection ports through which the therapeutic agent can exit by increasing the pressure to a second pressure above said desired pressure at said exit sites;
(d) and delivering said therapeutic agent through said ejection ports at a velocity sufficient to penetrate adjacent tissue, wherein said therapeutic agent is delivered into said target tissue in such a manner that it exerts a physiologic effect on cells of said target tissue but does not exert a substantial effect on cells lying at a distance greater than a selected distance from said target tissue.
38. A method according to claim 1 , wherein
said therapeutic agent is released through the exit sites at a velocity at which one or more jets are formed when the therapeutic agent is released through said exit sites; and which is sufficient for intradermal penetration of said jets, but insufficient to cause transdermal penetration.