Thermally switched reflective optical shutter
The thermally switched reflective optical shutter is a self-regulating “switchable mirror” device that reflects up to 100% of incident radiant energy above a threshold temperature, and reflects up to 50% of incident radiant energy below a threshold temperature. Control over the flow of radiant energy occurs independently of the thermal conductivity or insulating value of the device, and may or may not preserve the image and color properties of incoming visible light. The device can be used as a construction material to efficiently regulate the internal temperature and illumination of buildings, vehicles, and other structures without the need for an external power supply or operator signals. The device can be tailored to transmit sufficient visible light to see through in both the transparent and reflective states, while still providing significant control over the total energy transmission across the device.
1. A device for regulating the reflection of incident radiant energy to control an internal temperature of a building, a vehicle, or other structure comprising
a first reflective polarizer;
a second polarizer; and
a twisted nematic, thermotropic liquid crystal positioned between the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer that is directly responsive to environmental temperature to rotate a polarity of the incident radiant energy from a polarity of the first reflective polarizer to a polarity of the second polarizer when in a twisted nematic state; wherein
when below a threshold temperature the liquid crystal is in the twisted nematic state; and
when above the threshold temperature the liquid crystal is in an isotropic state and has no rotational effect on the polarity of the incident radiant energy.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the threshold temperature is at or around room temperature.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the threshold temperature is between 16.5 degrees C. and 29.0 degrees C.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein
above the threshold temperature up to 100% of incident light is reflected by the device, and
below the threshold temperature up to 50% of incident light is reflected by the device.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein
at a first temperature a first percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a second percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device; and
at a second temperature a third percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a fourth percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer is an absorptive polarizer.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a diffuse reflective polarizer.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a polarity-rotating polarizer.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer each define transparent areas to allow transmission of radiant energy through the device.
10. The device of claim 1 further comprising an electrotropic control system to place the thermotropic liquid crystal in the twisted nematic state outside of the threshold temperature.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thermotropic liquid crystal further comprises an additive in a mixture with the thermotropic liquid crystal to affect optical properties of the thermotropic liquid crystal, a speed of transition between physical states of the thermotropic liquid crystal, or both.
12. The device of claim 1 further comprising
a first pane of glass;
a second pane of glass parallel to and spaced apart from the first pane of glass, wherein
the first reflective polarizer, the thermotropic liquid crystal, and the second polarizer are positioned between the first and second panes of glass;
the first reflective polarizer is adhered to a surface of the first pane of glass opposite the second pane of glass.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is in a form of a flexible film.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer is a reflective polarizer.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein
the first reflective polarizer reflects up to 50% of the incident radiant energy and transmits a majority of non-reflected radiant energy; and
the second polarizer reflects up to 100% of the radiant energy transmitted by the first reflective polarizer when the thermotropic liquid crystal is above the threshold temperature and transmits up to 100% of the radiant energy transmitted by the first reflective polarizer when the thermotropic polarizer is below the threshold temperature.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a thermotropic reflective polarizer.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein above the threshold temperature down to 0% of the incident radiant energy is transmitted by the device, and below the threshold temperature up to 100% of the incident radiant energy is transmitted by the device.
18. The device of claim 13 , wherein the second polarizer is spaced apart from the second pane of glass.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer are oriented with respect to each other such that a difference in alignment of polarity between the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer is 90 degrees.