Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
Described herein are electrodeposited corrosion-resistant multilayer coating and claddings that comprises multiple nanoscale layers that periodically vary in electrodeposited species or electrodeposited microstructures. The coatings may comprise electrodeposited metals, ceramics, polymers or combinations thereof. Also described herein are methods for preparation of the coatings and claddings.
1. A coating or cladding comprising:
a series of alternating layers on a substrate or mandrel, each layer of the series of alternating layers having a thickness from about 5 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers, the series of alternating layers comprising:
A) a first layer of a first alloy that is less noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the first alloy comprising:
i) a first metal in a first concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %, the first metal selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn; and
ii) a second metal in a second concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
B) a second layer of a second alloy that is less noble than the first alloy and less noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the second alloy comprising:
i) the first metal in a third concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) the second metal in a fourth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %;
the coating or cladding having a thickness from 5 microns to 50 microns.
2. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is Ni or Zn.
3. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , wherein each layer of the series of alternating layers is discrete.
4. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , further comprising a diffuse interface between each layer of the series of alternating layers.
5. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , wherein the second metal is selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn, the second metal being different than the first metal.
6. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , wherein the series of alternating layers further comprises a third layer.
7. The coating or cladding of claim 1 , wherein the first concentration, the second concentration, the third concentration, and the fourth concentration are independently at least about 5 wt. %.
8. A coating or cladding comprising:
a series of alternating layers on a substrate or mandrel, each layer of the series of alternating layers having a thickness from about 5 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers, the series of alternating layers having layers comprising:
A) a barrier layer of a first alloy comprising:
ii) a first metal in a first concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %, the first metal selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn; and
ii) a second metal in a second concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
B) a sacrificial layer of a second alloy that is more reactive than the first alloy, the second alloy comprising:
i) the first metal in a third concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) the second metal in a fourth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %;
the coating or cladding having a thickness from 5 microns to 50 microns.
9. The coating or cladding of claim 8 , wherein the first alloy and the second alloy are more reactive than the substrate or the mandrel.
10. The coating or cladding of claim 8 , wherein the first metal is Co and the second metal is Ni.
11. The coating or cladding of claim 8 , wherein the first metal is Fe and the second metal is Zn.
12. The coating or cladding of claim 8 , wherein the first metal is Ni and the second metal is Zn.
13. The coating or cladding of claim 8 , wherein the first concentration, the second concentration, the third concentration, and the fourth concentration are independently at least about 5 wt. %.