Interpenetrating network of anion-exchange polymers, production method thereof and use of same
The invention relates to a method for producing an anion-exchange polymer material having an IPN or semi-IPN structure, said method consisting in: (A) preparing a homogeneous reaction solution containing, in a suitable organic solvent, (a) at least one organic polymer bearing reactive halogen groups, (b) at least one tertiary diamine, (c) at least one monomer comprising an ethylenic unsaturation polymerizable by free radical polymerization, (d) optionally at least one cross-linking agent including at least two ethylenic unsaturations polymerizable by free radical polymerization, and e) at least one free radical polymerization initiator; and (B) heating the prepared solution to a temperature and for a duration that are sufficient to allow both a nucleophilic substitution reaction between components (a) and (b) and a free radical copolymerization reaction of components (c) and optionally (d) initiated by component (e). The invention also relates to the resulting IPN or semi-IPN material and to the use thereof in electrochemical devices, in direct contact with an air electrode.
1. A method for preparing an anion-exchange polymer material having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure, said method comprising the following successive steps leading to the formation of the IPN or semi-IPN structure:
(A) preparing a homogeneous reaction solution comprising, in a suitable organic solvent,
(a) at least one organic polymer bearing reactive halogenated groups,
(b) at least one tertiary diamine,
(c) at least one monomer comprising an ethylenic unsaturation polymerizable by free-radical polymerization, and
(d) optionally, at least one crosslinking agent comprising at least two ethylenic unsaturations polymerizable by free-radical polymerization, and
(e) at least one free-radical polymerization initiator,
(B) heating the solution prepared in step (A) to a temperature and for a duration that are sufficient to allow both a nucleophilic substitution reaction between components (a) and (b) and a free-radical copolymerization reaction of components (c) and optionally (d), initiated by component (e).
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction solution prepared in step (A) also comprises a tertiary mono monoamine (component (b′)).
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer bearing reactive halogenated groups is chosen from homopolymers and copolymers with a polyether backbone.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the organic polymer bearing reactive halogenated groups is chosen from epichlorohydrin homopolymers and copolymers.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tertiary diamine is chosen from the group consisting of tetramethylenediamine, 1,4-diazobicyclo[2,2,2]octane, N-methylimidazole, bipyridine, diimidazoline and mixtures thereof.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the tertiary monoamine is chosen from the group consisting of triethanolamine, quinuclidine, quinuclidinol and mixtures thereof.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heating temperature of step (B) is between 30 and 130° C., preferably between 35 and 100° C. and in particular between 50 and 80° C.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heating duration of step (B) is between 1 and 24 hours, preferably between 6 and 16 hours.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the monomer comprising an ethylenic unsaturation is chosen from the group made up of C 1-10 alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, C 1-10 hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, styrene and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol acrylates and methacrylates, vinyl acetate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylonitrile, (vinylbenzyl)-tri(C 1-6 alkyl)ammonium chloride or bromide, tri(C 1-6 alkyl)vinyloxycarbonylalkylammonium chloride or bromide, and allyloxycarbonyl(C 1-6 alkyl)tri(C 1-6 alkyl)ammonium chloride or bromide.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent comprising at least two ethylenic unsaturations is chosen from divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene oxide) glycol di(meth)acrylate and bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein components (c) and (d) are replaced with or combined with an organic polymer comprising at least two groups comprising a polymerizable double bond (component (cd)), preferably located at the end of the organic polymer.
12. An anion-exchange polymer material having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure that can be obtained by means of the method as claimed in claim 1 .