Sorting device

1. A sorting apparatus for sorting mixtures of individual elements, comprising:

at least one control unit;

sorting units in which the individual elements can be sorted in accordance with at least one characterizing feature of the individual elements;

at least one conveyor belt;

at least one buffer-storage unit, which has at least two movable storage elements and which is intended for the interim storage of individual elements, and

at least one handling unit, which comprises at least two handling elements for handling the individual elements,

wherein the at least one control unit controls, for sorting purposes, exchanging an individual element of a sorting unit for an individual element, with a different characterizing feature which complies with selection criteria stored in the at least one control unit, from the at least one buffer-storage unit, and

wherein the at least two handling elements of the at least one handling unit are coupled to one another mechanically.

2. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , wherein

the at least one handling unit transports the individual elements between the at least one conveyor belt and the at least one buffer-storage unit.

3. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

at least four buffer-storage units, wherein

each of the at least four buffer-storage units has at least two movable storage elements, and is paired off with another one, and wherein a number of handling units equals at least half the number of buffer-storage units.

4. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

at least two conveyor belts; and

at least two buffer-storage units, wherein

each of the at least two buffer-storage units has at least two movable storage elements, and

a number of handling units is at least equal to the number of buffer-storage units.

5. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , wherein

the at least one control unit controls loading an individual element with a characterizing feature complying with selection criteria stored in the at least one control unit into the sorting unit from a buffer storage unit with the highest occupancy by individual elements with this characterizing feature.

6. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , wherein

the at least one control unit controls exchanging an individual element of a sorting unit for an individual element with a different characterizing feature from a first buffer-storage unit, in order to increase the number of characterizing features of individual elements of a second buffer-storage unit.

7. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

at least two buffer-storage units, wherein

each of the at least two buffer-storage units comprises at least two movable storage elements, and picks up individual elements picked up from the at least one conveyor belt by the at least one handling unit or to supply individual elements which are to be discharged onto the at least one conveyor belt by the at least one handling unit.

8. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 7 , wherein

the at least two buffer-storage units pick up only individual elements which coincide, in each case, in respect of a characterizing feature.

9. The sorting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein

the at least one buffer-storage unit has a drive unit which displaces each of the at least two storage elements of the buffer-storage unit to at least one defined position.

10. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 9 , wherein

at least in one degree of freedom of its movement, the drive unit of the at least one buffer-storage unit has two different directions of movement.

11. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 10 , wherein

the at least one control unit controls displacing any storage element of the at least one buffer-storage unit, via the drive unit, over minimum possible distance to a defined position.

12. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 1 , wherein

the at least one handling unit has just one electric or pneumatic motor for moving one of the at least two handling elements, such that the at least one indirectly driven handling element therefore is moved as a result of the mechanical coupling.

13. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 12 , wherein

the at least one handling unit is equipped with a double-curve mechanism, which uses a single electric or pneumatic motor and guidance of the at least two handling elements to convert a rotational movement of the motor into a combined lateral and vertical adjustment.

14. The sorting apparatus at least as claimed in claim 12 , wherein

the at least two handling elements of the at least one handling unit have gripping means which can be caused by the control unit, to grip an individual element, or set an individual element down, in each case, independently of one another.

15. A method of operating a sorting apparatus for sorting mixtures of individual elements, the apparatus comprising:

at least one control unit;

sorting units in which the individual elements can be sorted in accordance with at least one characteristic feature of the individual elements;

at least one conveyor belt; and

at least two buffer-storage units, each buffer-storage unit having at least two movable storage elements, each movable storage element being intended for the interim storage of an individual element, the two buffer-storage units being arranged opposite one another on either side of the conveyor belt, the method comprising:

at least one step for startup of the sorting apparatus in which the first individual elements from the sorting units are distributed alternatively, by means of the handling unit, between the storage elements of the buffer-storage units, and

at least one step in which for sorting purposes, an individual element of a sorting unit is exchanged for an individual element, with a different characterizing feature which complies with selection criteria stored in the at least one control unit, from a buffer-storage unit.

16. A method of operating a sorting apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , further comprising:

at least one step in which for sorting purposes, an individual element with a characterizing feature which is allowed by selection criteria stored in the at least one control unit is loaded into a sorting unit from a buffer-storage unit with the highest occupancy by individual elements with this characterizing feature.

17. A method of operating a sorting apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , further comprising:

at least one step in which the at least one control unit, the at least one feature of an individual element having been detected by a sensing element, for the purpose of sorting a sorting unit, carries out virtual filling of an occupancy position within the sorting unit with the individual element.

18. A method of operating a sorting apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , further comprising

at least one step in which for sorting purposes, an individual element of a sorting unit is exchanged for an individual element with a different characterizing feature from a first buffer-storage unit, in order to increase the number of characterizing features of individual elements of a second buffer-storage unit.