Polysiloxane binder for lithium ion battery electrodes

1. An electrode comprising a binder and an electroactive material, wherein the binder comprises a polymer comprising a linear polysiloxane or a cyclic polysiloxane, wherein the polymer is a solid polymer comprising oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains.

2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a cross-linked polymer.

3. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is prepared from monomers comprising a compound of Formula III:

wherein:

each R 1 is independently an alkyl group;

R 3 is H or alkyl;

x′ is from 0-12;

y is from 1 to 20; and

n and m represent the repeat units of the polymer, which may be in a random order.

4. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the R 1 is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl; R 3 is H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl; x′ is 2 or 3; and y is from 2 to 7.

5. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is prepared using a crosslinking agent represented by Formula VII:

wherein:

R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;

each of R′ and R″ represents H, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms;

X is H or a methyl group; and

n is 1 to 15.

6. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein a crosslink density of the crosslinked polymer is prepared using a crosslink density agent represented by Formula VIII:

wherein:

R and R′ is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;

R″ represents H, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms;

X is H or a methyl group; and

n is 1 to 15.

7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a molecular weight of greater than 6,000 g/mol.

8. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein polymer is represented by Formula I:

wherein:

each R 1 is independently an alkyl group, an epoxy group, a carbonate group, a carboxyl group, an oxalic group, or a polyether group;

each R 2 is independently an alkyl group, an epoxy group, a carbonate group, a carboxyl group, an oxalic group, or a polyether group;

n represents a number of repeat units in the polymer in any random order.

9. The electrode of claim 8 , wherein n is from about 30 to about 1000.

10. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a linear polysiloxane of Formula IA, IB, IC, ID, or IE:

wherein:

each R 1 is independently an alkyl group, an epoxy group, a carbonate group, a carboxyl group, an oxalic group, or a polyether group;

R 2 is alkyl;

R 3 is H or alkyl;

R 6 is a cyclic carbonate;

x′ is from 0 to 12;

x″ is from 1 to 12;

y is from 1 to 20;

n and m represent the individual repeat units of the polymer, which may be in a random order; and

n′ represents a numeral of 1 to 200.

11. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein the polymer comprises a compound represented by Formula IA, wherein each R 1 is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl; R 3 is H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl; x′ is 2 or 3; and y is from 2 to 7.

12. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein R 1 is methyl; R 3 is methyl; x′ is 3; and y is 3.

13. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein the polymer comprises a compound represented by Formula IB, wherein each R 1 is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl; R 2 is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl; R 3 is H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl; x′ is 2 or 3; and y is from 2 to 7.

14. The electrode of claim 13 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl; R 3 is methyl; x′ is 3; and y is 3.

15. The electrode of claim 10 wherein the polymer comprises a compound represented by Formula IC, wherein each R 1 is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl; each R 6 is 1,3-dioxolane-2-one; R 3 is H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl; x′ is 2 or 3; x″ is 1 to 4; and y is from 2 to 7.

16. The electrode of claim 15 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl; R 3 is methyl; x′ is 3; x″ is 1; and y is 2.