Method, arrangement, sensor, and computer program product for non-invasively measuring hemoglobin concentrations in blood
A mechanism for non-invasively monitoring blood characteristics of a subject is disclosed. To enable measurement of hemoglobin concentrations in a cost-effective way, a computational model is established that represents a relationship between a first variable indicative of total hemoglobin concentration and a set of variables that includes second variables indicative of light transmission through tissue and third variables indicative of concentration percentages of different hemoglobin species. In-vivo measurement signals are acquired from a subject and in-vivo values are determined for the second and third variables based on the in-vivo measurement signals. The first variable is then solved based on the in-vivo values of the second and third variables and the computational model.
1. A method for non-invasively measuring hemoglobin concentrations in blood of a subject, the method comprising
establishing a pre-determined first relationship between a first variable indicative of total hemoglobin concentration and an intermediate variable, wherein the first relationship is based on blood samples from at least one other subject and the intermediate variable represents a product of absorption coefficient μ a per unit and reduced scattering coefficient μ s ′ per unit volume;
determining a second relationship between the intermediate variable and a set of variables that includes second variables indicative of light transmission through tissue and third variables indicative of concentration percentages of different hemoglobin species;
storing the first and second relationships in a memory;
acquiring in-vivo measurement signals from the subject using a sensor of a pulse oximeter that includes an emitter and a detector performing measurements of at least three wavelengths;
determining, based on the in-vivo measurement signals from the subject, in-vivo values for the second and third variables;
determining the intermediate variable based on the second relationship;
solving for the first variable based on the pre-determined first relationship between the intermediate variable and the first variable; and
determining the hemoglobin concentrations based on the first variable and displaying the hemoglobin concentrations on a display unit.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second variables are logarithms indicative of total light transmission through the tissue.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second variables are indicative of pulsating light transmission through the tissue.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acquiring includes acquiring the in-vivo measurement signals at wavelengths below about 1100 nm.
5. An arrangement for non-invasively measuring hemoglobin concentrations in blood of a subject, the arrangement comprising:
a pulse oximeter including at least one sensor having an emitter and a detector operable to obtain in vivo measurement signals of at least three wavelengths from the subject;
a control unit including a memory device including a stored pre-determined first relationship between a first variable indicative of total hemoglobin concentration and an intermediate variable and a second relationship between the intermediate variable and a set of variables that includes second variables indicative of light transmission through tissue and third variables indicative of concentration percentages of different hemoglobin species, wherein the pre-determined first relationship is determined based on blood samples from at least other subject and the intermediate variable represents a product of absorption coefficient μ a per unit and reduced scattering coefficient μ s ′ per unit volume;
a first calculation unit configured to determine, based on the in-vivo measurement signals obtained from the subject, in-vivo values for the second and third variables;
a second calculation unit configured to solve the first variable based on the in-vivo values of the second and third variables and the stored first and second relationships; and
a display unit to display the hemoglobin concentrations.
6. The arrangement according to claim 5 , wherein the second variables are logarithms indicative of total light transmission through the tissue.
7. The arrangement according to claim 5 , wherein the second variables are indicative of pulsating light transmission through the tissue.
8. The arrangement according to claim 5 , wherein the in-vivo measurement signals are at wavelengths below about 1100 nm.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for use with a computer processor for non-invasively measuring hemoglobin concentrations in blood of a subject, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising:
a first program product portion including a pre-determined first relationship determined based on blood samples from at least one other subject, the pre-determined first relationship representing a relationship between a first variable indicative of total hemoglobin concentration and an intermediate variable and a second relationship between the intermediate variable and a set of variables that includes second variables indicative of light transmission through tissue and third variables indicative of concentration percentages of different hemoglobin species, wherein the intermediate variable represents a product of absorption coefficient μ a per unit and reduced scattering coefficient μ s ′ per unit volume;
a second program product portion adapted to determine, based on in-vivo measurement signals obtained from a sensor having an emitter and a detector performing measurements of at least three wavelengths configured to be positioned on the subject, in-vivo values for the second and third variables; and
a third program product portion adapted to solve the first variable based on the in-vivo values of the second and third variables and the first and second relationships.