Lanthanide mass dots: nanoparticle isotope tags
Compositions and methods are provided for the use of nanoparticles, which may be referred to herein as mass dots, as mass tags for probes such as antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acids, etc. in multiplexed bioassays with ICP-MS detection.
1. A probe comprising a specific binding member for an analyte, conjugated at a single linkage site to a mass dot, wherein the mass dot is a solid lanthanide metal particle of at least 100 metal atoms, free of high atomic mass dopants, and having an isotopic purity between about 90 and 100%.
2. The probe of claim 1 wherein said mass dot is at least about 10 3 lanthanide metal atoms.
3. The probe of claim 1 , wherein said mass dot is at least about 10 4 lanthanide metal atoms.
4. A probe comprising a specific binding member for an analyte, conjugated at a single linkage site to a mass dot, wherein the mass dot is a solid lanthanide particle of at least 100 metal atoms, free of high atomic mass dopants, wherein said mass dot is comprised of non-fluorescent nanocrystal of two or more lanthanide metals at a known ratio and absolute quantity.
5. The probe of claim 1 , wherein said mass dot solid lanthanide particle is in nanocrystal form.
6. A probe comprising a specific binding member for an analyte, conjugated at a single linkage site to a mass dot, wherein the mass dot is a solid lanthanide particle of at least 100 metal atoms, free of high atomic mass dopants, wherein said mass dot comprises a nanoparticle core of said lanthanide metal, and a low molecular weight counter-anion of a molecular weight outside the detection range of ICP-MS.
7. The probe of claim 1 , wherein said mass dot comprises a coating selected from an amphipathic polymer, PEG, silane, siloxane, silica, or lipids.
8. The probe of claim 1 , wherein a single mass dot is conjugated to said specific binding member.
9. The probe of claim 1 , wherein not more than 10 mass dots are conjugated to said specific binding member.
10. The probe of claim 8 , wherein said specific binding member is a polypeptide.
11. The probe of claim 10 , wherein said specific binding member is an antibody.
12. The probe of claim 8 , wherein said specific binding member is a polynucleotide.
13. The probe of claim 8 , wherein said specific binding member is avidin or streptavidin.
14. A method for the detection of an analyte, the method comprising:
binding said analyte through specific binding to a probe as set forth in claim 1 ; and detecting the presence of said mass dot.
15. A method for the detection of an analyte, the method comprising:
binding the analyte through specific binding to 10 or more distinct probes, wherein each probe comprises a specific binding member conjugated at a single linkage site to at least one mass dot and not more than 10 mass dots, wherein the mass dot is a solid lanthanide particle of at least 100 metal atoms, free of high atomic mass dopants, and having an isotopic purity between about 90 and 100%,
wherein said detecting is performed by ICP-MS with solution analysis or by mass cytometry.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the detecting is performed by mass cytometry.