Surface modification
A method of modifying a fluorinated polymer surface comprising the steps of depositing a first layer on at least a portion of the fluorinated polymer surface, the first layer comprising a first polymer, the first polymer being a substantially perfluorinated aromatic polymer; and depositing a second layer on at least a portion of the first layer, the second layer comprising a second polymer, the second polymer being an aromatic polymer having a lower degree of fluorination than said first polymer, whereby the second layer provides a surface on to which a substance having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer, e.g. a non-fluorinated substance is depositable.
1. A method of modifying a fluorinated polymer surface comprising the steps of:
depositing a first layer on at least a portion of a fluorinated polymer surface, the first layer comprising a first polymer, the first polymer being a substantially perfluorinated aromatic polymer, wherein the first layer is deposited using a solution deposition technique; and
depositing a second layer on at least a portion of the first layer, the second layer comprising a second polymer, the second polymer being an aromatic polymer having a lower degree of fluorination than said first polymer, whereby the second layer provides a surface on to which a substance having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer is depositable,
wherein the first polymer is dissolved in a first solvent system comprising a fluorinated solvent and a non-fluorinated solvent and the ratio of fluorinated solvent:non-fluorinated solvent in the first solvent system is 5-1:1-5.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the second polymer comprises a non-fluorinated aromatic polymer.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexafluorobenzene and octafluorotoluene.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the non-fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of chloroform and methyl ethyl ketone.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the non-fluorinated solvent has a lower boiling point than the boiling point of the fluorinated solvent.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 5 w/w.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 1 w/w %.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is about 0.2 w/w %.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-glycidylmethacrylate), poly(pentafluorostyrene), and polystyrene-co-pentafluorostyrene.
10. A method according to claim 1 , comprising depositing the second layer using a solution deposition technique.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the second polymer is dissolved in a second solvent system.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system is less than about 5 w/w %.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system is less than about 1 w/w %.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system is about 0.2 w/w %.
15. A method according to claim 10 , comprising depositing the second layer using spin coating or inkjet printing.
16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the second polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyimides, polybenzocyclobutenes (BCB), polyvinylphenol, and polyvinylpyridine.
17. A method according to claim 1 comprising depositing a third layer on at least a portion of the second layer, the third layer comprising a third polymer having lower conjugation and/or greater polarity than the second polymer.
18. A method according to claim 17 , comprising depositing the third layer using a solution deposition technique.
19. A method according to claim 18 , comprising depositing the third layer using spin coating or inkjet printing.
20. A method according to claim 1 wherein the substance having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer is a non-fluorinated substance.
21. A method according to claim 1 comprising depositing the first layer using spin coating or inkjet printing.
22. A method according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of fluorinated solvent:non-fluorinated solvent in the first solvent system is 5-1:1.
23. An electronic device comprising:
an insulating layer containing a fluorinated polymer;
a first layer covering at least a portion of the insulating layer, the first layer comprising a first polymer which comprises a substantially perfluorinated aromatic polymer;
a second layer covering at least a portion of the first layer and comprising a second polymer having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer; and
at least one portion comprising a non-fluorinated substance;
a third layer between the second layer and the or each one portion comprising a non-fluorinated substance;
wherein the first layer and the second layer together make up at least part of an adhesion layer between the insulating layer and the or each portion comprising the non-fluorinated substance and the third layer comprises a third polymer having lower conjugation and/or greater polarity than the second polymer.
24. An electronic device according to claim 23 , wherein the second polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyimides, polybenzocyclobutenes (BCB), polyvinylphenol, and polyvinylpyridine.
25. An electronic device according to claim 23 , wherein the electronic device is a thin film transistor.
26. An electronic device comprising:
an insulating layer containing a fluorinated polymer;
a first layer covering at least a portion of the insulating layer, the first layer comprising a first polymer which comprises a substantially perfluorinated aromatic polymer;
a second layer covering at least a portion of the first layer and comprising a second polymer having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer; and
at least one portion comprising a non-fluorinated substance;
wherein the first layer and the second layer together make up at least part of an adhesion layer between the insulating layer and the or each portion comprising the non-fluorinated substance, wherein the first polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-glycidylmethacrylate), poly(pentafluorostyrene), and polystyrene-co-pentafluoro styrene.
27. A method of manufacturing an electronic device, wherein the electronic device comprises an insulating layer having a fluorinated polymer surface, the method comprising:
depositing a first layer on to at least a portion of the fluorinated polymer surface, the first layer comprising a first polymer, the first polymer being a substantially perfluorinated aromatic polymer;
depositing a second layer covering at least a portion of the first layer and comprising a second polymer, the second polymer being an aromatic polymer having a lower degree of fluorination than the first polymer, wherein the first layer and the second layer together make up at least part of an adhesion layer between the insulating layer and a non-fluorinated substance; and
depositing at least one compound containing a non-fluorinated substance on to at least a portion of the adhesion layer, wherein the first polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-glycidylmethacrylate), poly(pentafluorostyrene) and polystyrene-co-pentafluoro styrene.
28. A method according to claim 27 wherein the second polymer comprises a non-fluorinated aromatic polymer.
29. A method according to claim 27 comprising depositing the first layer using a solution deposition technique.
30. A method according to claim 29 , wherein the first polymer is dissolved in a first solvent system comprising a fluorinated solvent and a non-fluorinated solvent.
31. A method according to claim 30 wherein the ratio of fluorinated solvent:non-fluorinated solvent in the first solvent system is 5-1:1-5.
32. A method according to claim 30 wherein the fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexafluorobenzene and octafluorotoluene.
33. A method according to claim 30 wherein the non-fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of chloroform and methyl ethyl ketone.
34. A method according to claim 30 , wherein the non-fluorinated solvent has a lower boiling point than the fluorinated solvent.
35. A method according to claim 30 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 5 w/w %.
36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 1 w/w %.
37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the concentration of the first polymer in the first solvent system is about 0.2 w/w %.
38. A method according to claim 29 , comprising depositing the first layer using spin coating or inkjet printing.
39. A method according to claim 27 , comprising depositing the second layer using a solution deposition technique.
40. A method according to claim 39 wherein the second polymer is dissolved in a second solvent system.
41. A method according to claim 40 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system is less than about 5 w/w %.
42. A method according to claim 41 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system is less than about 1 w/w %.
43. A method according to claim 42 wherein the concentration of the second polymer in the second solvent system about 0.2 w/w %.
44. A method according to claim 27 , wherein the second polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyimides, polybenzocyclobutenes (BCB), polyvinylphenol and polyvinylpyridine.
45. A method according to claim 27 comprising depositing a third layer on at least a portion of the second layer, the third layer comprising a third polymer having lower conjugation and/or greater polarity than the second polymer, wherein the third layer comprises part of the adhesion layer.
46. A method according to claim 45 , comprising depositing the third layer using a solution deposition technique.
47. A method according to claim 46 , comprising depositing the third layer using spin coating or inkjet printing.
48. A method of depositing a fluorine-containing polymer onto a fluorinated surface, the method comprising:
dissolving the fluorine-containing polymer in a solvent mixture containing a fluorinated solvent species and a non-fluorinated solvent species; and
contacting the dissolved fluorine-containing polymer with the fluorinated surface to form a layer of the fluorine-containing polymer on the fluorinated surface,
wherein the non-fluorinated solvent species has a lower boiling point than the fluorinated solvent species.
49. A method according to claim 48 wherein the ratio of fluorinated solvent:non-fluorinated solvent is 5-1:1-5.
50. A method according to claim 49 wherein the ratio of fluorinated solvent:non-fluorinated solvent is 5-1:1.
51. A method according to claim 48 wherein the fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexafluorobenzene and octafluorotoluene.
52. A method according to claim 48 wherein the non-fluorinated solvent is selected from the group consisting of chloroform and methyl ethyl ketone.
53. A method according to claim 48 wherein the concentration of the fluorine containing polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 5 w/w %.
54. A method according to claim 53 wherein the concentration of the fluorine containing polymer in the first solvent system is less than about 1 w/w %.
55. A method according to claim 54 wherein the concentration of the fluorine containing polymer in the first solvent system about 0.2 w/w %.
56. A method according to claim 48 , wherein the fluorine containing polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-glycidylmethacrylate), poly(pentafluoro styrene) and polystyrene-co-pentafluoro styrene.