Apparatuses and methods for bonding substrates
A method of joining web portions includes advancing web portions onto a rotating drum such that the web portions overlap at an overlap area as the web portions wrap around the drum. The web portions each have a melting temperature. A fluid is heated to a temperature sufficient to at least partially melt the web portions. A fluid nozzle retracts from an aperture in the drum and a jet of the heated fluid is directed from a fluid nozzle onto the web portions at the overlap area. The heated fluid penetrates and at least partially melts the web portions. The web portions are at least partially melted using the heated fluid. A press member shifts through the aperture in the drum to compress the web portions between the pressure member and an anvil roll to join the web portions together at the overlap area.
1. A method for forming a bond, the method comprising the steps of:
rotating a drum about an axis of rotation, the drum comprising a fluid nozzle and a press member;
rotating an anvil roll adjacent the drum;
advancing a first substrate in a machine direction onto the drum, the first substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface of the first substrate is adjacent the drum;
advancing a second substrate in the machine direction, wherein the first substrate is between the second substrate and the drum;
wrapping the first and second substrates around a portion of the drum;
heating a fluid to a temperature sufficient to at least partially melt substrates;
moving the fluid nozzle radially outward from the drum;
directing a jet of the heated fluid onto the first and second substrates;
partially melting the first and second substrates;
retracting the fluid nozzle radially inward into the drum;
shifting the press member radially outward from the drum; and
compressing the first and second substrates between the press member and the anvil roll.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drum comprises a drum outer circumferential surface and a drum aperture in the drum outer circumferential surface, and wherein the fluid nozzle and press member are located radially inward from the drum aperture in the drum outer circumferential surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of maintaining the first and second substrates within a distance from the drum outer circumferential surface using a position control apparatus.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of maintaining the first and second substrates within a distance from the drum using a position control apparatus.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of maintaining the fluid nozzle at a distance from the first substrate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the distance from the fluid nozzle to the first substrate is in the range of about 0 to about 10 millimeters.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jet of heated fluid is at a temperature ranging from a lower melting point of the first and second substrates minus 30° C. to the lower melting point of the first and second substrates plus 100° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jet of heated fluid is directed at the first and second substrates at a pressure in the range of about 0.1×10 5 Newtons per square meter to about 1×10 6 Newtons per square meter.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jet of heated fluid is directed at the first and second substrates between about 10 milliseconds and about 1000 milliseconds.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the press member compresses the first and second substrates between the anvil roll at a pressure of about 1×10 5 Newtons per square meter to about 1×10 8 Newtons per square meter.