Treatment of specific cardiovascular conditions with nitrite
It has been surprisingly discovered that administration of nitrite to subjects causes a reduction in blood pressure and an increase in blood flow to tissues. The effect is particularly beneficial, for example, to tissues in regions of low oxygen tension. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate a subject's blood pressure and blood flow, for example, by the administration of nitrite salts. Provided herein are methods of administering a pharmaceutically-acceptable nitrite salt to a subject, for treating, preventing or ameliorating a condition selected from: (a) ischemia-reperfusion injury (e.g., hepatic or cardiac or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury); (b) pulmonary hypertension (e.g., neonatal pulmonary hypertension); or (c) cerebral artery vasospasm.
1. A method for treating pulmonary hypertension in a subject in need thereof by decreasing pulmonary arterial blood pressure or increasing vasodilation, or both, the method comprising administering by inhalation a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutically acceptable non-acidified sodium nitrite to the subject to decrease the pulmonary artery blood pressure, or increase vasodilation, or both, in the subject, thereby treating pulmonary hypertension.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of 0.6 to 240 μM.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of about 0.9 μM.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of less than 30 μM.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of no more than about 20 μM.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of no more than about 16 μM.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-acidified sodium nitrite is administered at a rate of 270 μmol/minute.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium nitrite is nebulized.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered intermittently.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of sodium nitrite results in minimal methemoglobin elevation.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of sodium nitrite does not produce systemic hypotension.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulmonary hypertension is primary pulmonary hypertension, secondary pulmonary hypertension, or both.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulmonary hypertension is neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decrease in pulmonary arterial blood pressure or the increase in vasodilation, or both, in the subject is sustained as compared to inhaled to nitric oxide.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered in combination with at least one additional agent.
17. A method for treating pulmonary hypertension in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject by inhalation a therapeutically effective amount of non-acidified sodium nitrite.
18. A method for treating pulmonary hypertension in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering by inhalation a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutically acceptable non-acidified sodium nitrite to the subject, wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of 0.6 to 240 μM, thereby treating pulmonary hypertension.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of about 0.9 μM.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of less than 30 μM.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of no more than about 20 μM.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered to a circulating concentration of no more than about 16 μM.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is nebulized.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered intermittently.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the pulmonary hypertension is primary pulmonary hypertension, secondary pulmonary hypertension, or both.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sodium nitrite is administered in combination with at least one additional agent.