Water heating system with oxygen sensor

1. A water heating system comprising:

An upright boiler, including a combustion chamber, comprising an enclosed housing including a first plate at its top, and a mesh burner mounted to the first plate, said burner housed inside the combustion chamber;

at least one conduit fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber to channel gas into the combustion chamber, wherein the burner causes combustion of gas to produce products of combustion;

an oxygen sensor coupled to a top plate of the combustion chamber and positioned within the combustion chamber to detect an amount of oxygen in the products of combustion, wherein the oxygen sensor outputs data representative of the amount of oxygen in the products of combustion;

a control unit for feedback control of the water heating system, wherein the control unit receives the data from the oxygen sensor and wherein the combustion of the gas in the combustion chamber is controllable by the control unit based on the data;

a heat exchanger system coupled to the combustion chamber to heat water in the heat exchanger system with the products of combustion, the heat exchanger system positioned below the combustion chamber and comprising a plurality of substantially straight vertical tubes through which the products of combustion flow;

at least one flue coupled to the heat exchanger system to channel the products of combustion out of the heat exchanger system;

wherein the top plate is mounted to and positioned on the first plate;

wherein the top plate and the first plate define a recess, a surface of the recess within said combustion chamber defined by the first plate, the oxygen sensor positioned with the recess and a sensing element of the oxygen sensor is entirely within the recess.

2. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen sensor is positioned adjacent the burner in the combustion chamber.

3. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the burner is coupled to the first plate and comprises a cylindrical short flame low nitrogen oxide (NOx) mesh burner.

4. The water heating system according to claim 3 , wherein the first plate defines a recess that fluidly couples the at least one conduit with the combustion chamber, wherein the gas travels into an interior of the cylindrical short flame low nitrogen oxide (NOx) mesh burner via the recess from the at least one conduit.

5. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the boiler further comprises a water jacket and an external housing that houses the combustion chamber, wherein the water jacket is positioned between the external housing and the combustion chamber.

6. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the boiler further includes a blower device to blow the gas into the combustion chamber.

7. The water heating system according to claim 6 , wherein the control unit controls the blower device to alter or maintain the rate of gas into the combustion chamber based on the data from the oxygen sensor.

8. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises a mixture of components and the control unit varies a ratio of the components of the gas based on the data from the oxygen sensor.

9. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit compares the data from the oxygen sensor with a predetermined value for feedback control of the water heating system.

10. The water heating system according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger system comprises a fire tube.

11. A method for controlling a water heating system, comprising the steps of:

Providing an upright boiler, including a combustion chamber, comprising an enclosed housing including a first plate at its top, and a mesh burner mounted to the first plate, said burner housing side the combustion chamber, at least one conduit fluidly coupled to the combustion chamber to channel gas into the combustion chamber, wherein the burner causes combustion of gas to produce products of combustion, an oxygen sensor coupled to a top plate of the combustion chamber and positioned within the combustion chamber to detect an amount of oxygen in the products of combustion, wherein the oxygen sensor outputs data representative of the amount of oxygen in the products of combustion, a control unit for feedback control of the water heating system, wherein the control unit receives the data from the oxygen sensor and wherein the combustion of the gas in the combustion chamber is controllable by the control unit based on the data, a heat exchanger system coupled the combustion chamber to heat water in the heat exchanger system with products of combustion, the heat exchanger system positioned below the combustion chamber and comprising a plurality of substantially straight vertical tubes through which the products of combustion flow, wherein the top plate is mounted to and positioned on the first plate, wherein the top plate and the first plate define a recess, a surface of the recess within said combustion chamber defined by the first plate, the oxygen sensor positioned within the recess and the sensing element of the oxygen sensor is entirely within the recess;

channeling gas through at least one conduit fluidly coupled to a combustion chamber of a boiler;

combusting the gas with a burner housed inside the combustion chamber to produce products of combustion;

sensing an amount of oxygen in the products of combustion with an oxygen sensor coupled to the combustion chamber;

outputting data representative of the amount of oxygen in the products of combustion to a control unit of the water heating system;

controlling feedback control of the water heating system at least responsive to the data from the oxygen sensor;

directing the products of combustion from the combustion chamber to a heat exchanger system coupled to the combustion chamber;

heating water with the products of combustion in the heat exchanger system; and

directed the products of combustion out of the heat exchanger system through a flue.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the steps of sensing an amount of oxygen in the products of combustion and outputting data representative of the amount of oxygen in the products of combustion occur in a time period of less than 1 second.