Method of applying phase transition materials to semi-porous, flexible substrates used to control gas permeability
Method of applying phase transition substance to impart reduced ignition propensity to a smoking article comprising a tobacco column and a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a porous structure with a base permeability. The method comprising forming a pattern of phase transition material on the wrapper such that, when subjected to the heat of the tobacco column burning firecone, the phase transition material at least partially fills the wrapper porous structure in the vicinity of the burning firecone to form an area on the wrapper having reduced permeability lower than that of the wrapper base permeability. The reduced permeability of the wrapper in the vicinity of the burning firecone imparts reduced ignition propensity such that there is insufficient air flow to sustain combustion of the firecone or insufficient air flow to sustain an intensity of the burning firecone necessary to ignite the substrate.
1. A method of applying a phase transition material to impart reduced ignition propensity to a smoking article, the smoking article comprising a tobacco column and a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column, wherein the wrapper comprises a porous structure with a base permeability, the method comprising forming a pattern of the phase transition material on a surface of the wrapper such that, i) in the absence of heat of a burning firecone, the base permeability of the wrapper is not reduced by more than 20% as a result of the phase transition material, and ii) when the phase transition material is subjected to heat of the burning firecone of the tobacco column, the phase transition material at least partially fills the wrapper porous structure in proximity to the burning firecone to form a non-fixed band on the wrapper having a reduced permeability that is lower than the base permeability; and surrounding the tobacco column with the wrapper; wherein the reduced permeability is selected to permit sufficient air flow through the wrapper to sustain free burn; and further wherein the reduced permeability is also selected to impart reduced ignition propensity when the smoking article is placed on a substrate, such that there is insufficient air flow through the wrapper to sustain combustion of the burning firecone or to sustain an intensity of the burning firecone necessary to ignite the substrate; and further wherein the phase transition material is selected from the group consisting of paraffin, tobacco wax, Solanesol, carnauba, Beeswax, microcrystalline wax or combinations thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises forming a repeatable pattern to essentially the entire surface of the wrapper.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises depositing the phase transition material as a cluster of particles on the surface of the wrapper.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises depositing the phase transition material as a plurality of clusters of particles on the surface of the wrapper.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises forming a pattern on discrete regions of the surface of the wrapper.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises forming a pattern having a gradient of concentration of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the gradient pattern of the phase transition material, when subjected to the heat of the burning firecone of the tobacco column, forms an area on the wrapper having a variable reduced permeability that is lower than the base permeability.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises depositing a three-dimensional layer of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the wrapper comprises depositing the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper and applying sufficient pressure to the phase transition material to induce penetration into the surface of the wrapper.
10. A method of applying a phase transition material to impart reduced ignition propensity to a smoking article, the smoking article comprising a tobacco column and a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column, wherein the wrapper comprises a porous structure with a base permeability, the method comprising forming a pattern of the phase transition material on a surface of the wrapper such that, i) in the absence of heat of a burning firecone, the base permeability of the wrapper is not reduced by more than 20% as a result of the phase transition material, and ii) when the phase transition material is subjected to heat of the burning firecone of the tobacco column, the phase transition material at least partially fills the wrapper porous structure in proximity to the burning firecone to form a non-fixed band on the wrapper having a reduced permeability that is lower than the base permeability; and surrounding the tobacco column with the wrapper; wherein the reduced permeability is selected to permit sufficient air flow through the wrapper to sustain free burn; and further wherein the reduced permeability is also selected to impart reduced ignition propensity when the smoking article is placed on a substrate, such that there is insufficient air flow through the wrapper to sustain combustion of the burning firecone or to sustain an intensity of the burning firecone necessary to ignite the substrate; and further wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper comprises forming a fractal pattern.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fractal pattern has varying fractal dimensions.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises forming a repeatable pattern to essentially the entire surface of the wrapper.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises depositing the phase transition material as a cluster of particles on the surface of the wrapper.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises depositing the phase transition material as a plurality of clusters of particles on the surface of the wrapper.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises forming a pattern on discrete regions of the surface of the wrapper.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises forming a pattern having a gradient of concentration of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the gradient pattern of the phase transition material, when subjected to the heat of the burning firecone of the tobacco column, forms an area on the wrapper having a variable reduced permeability that is lower than the base permeability.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper further comprises depositing a three-dimensional layer of the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a pattern of the phase transition material on the wrapper further comprises depositing the phase transition material on the surface of the wrapper and applying sufficient pressure to the phase transition material to induce penetration into the surface of the wrapper.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the phase transition material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-stearamide, or combinations thereof.