Gradual oxidation with gradual oxidizer warmer
Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.
1. A system for oxidizing fuel, comprising:
a first reaction chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet, the first reaction chamber being configured to receive a first gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, through the first inlet, the first reaction chamber configured to maintain gradual oxidation of the first gas and to communicate flue gas through the first outlet;
a second reaction chamber, separate from the first reaction chamber, having a second inlet and a second outlet, the second reaction chamber being configured to receive a second gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, and the flue gas through the second inlet, the second reaction chamber configured to maintain gradual oxidation of the second gas; and
a flue gas controller configured to facilitate communication of the flue gas from the first outlet to the second inlet until an internal temperature within the second reaction chamber is above an autoignition temperature of the second gas;
wherein the flue gas controller is configured to prevent communication of the flue gas from the first outlet to the second inlet after the internal temperature within the second reaction chamber is above the autoignition temperature of the second gas.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or second reaction chambers is configured to reduce a respective internal temperature when the internal temperature within the respective reaction chamber approaches or exceeds a flameout temperature of the respective fuel.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein at least one of first or second reaction chambers is configured to reduce the respective internal temperature by removing heat from the respective reaction chamber.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein at least one of first or second reaction chambers is configured to remove heat by a heat exchanger.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a fluid introduced into the respective reaction chamber.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to evacuate the fluid from the respective reaction chamber.
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a means for generating steam.
8. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to draw heat out of the respective reaction chamber when the respective internal temperature within the respective reaction chamber exceeds 2300° F.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second reaction chamber is configured to mix the flue gas with the second gas when a temperature of the second gas at the second inlet approaches or drops below the autoignition temperature of the second gas.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a turbine or a piston engine that receives gas from at least one of the reaction chambers.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the turbine receives and expands gas from the second reaction chamber.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a compressor that receives and compresses gas prior to introduction of the gas into at least one of the reaction chambers.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the compressor is configured to compress the second gas prior to introducing the second gas into the second reaction chamber.
14. A system for oxidizing fuel, comprising:
a first reaction chamber having an outlet, the first reaction chamber being configured to maintain gradual oxidation of a first gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, and to communicate reaction products through the outlet;
a second reaction chamber, separate from the first reaction chamber, having an inlet that is configured to receive a second gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, and the reaction products, the second reaction chamber being configured (i) to maintain gradual oxidation of the second gas and (ii) to receive the reaction products from the first reaction chamber through the inlet while an internal temperature within the second reaction chamber is below an autoignition temperature of the second gas; and
a flue gas controller configured to prevent communication of the reaction products from the outlet to the inlet after the internal temperature within the second reaction chamber is above the autoignition temperature of the second gas.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first or second reaction chambers is configured to reduce a respective internal temperature when the internal temperature within the respective reaction chamber approaches or exceeds a flameout temperature of the respective fuel.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein at least one of first or second reaction chambers is configured to reduce the respective internal temperature by removing heat from the respective reaction chamber.
17. The system of claim 14 , wherein the second reaction chamber is configured to mix the reaction products with the second gas when a temperature of the second gas at the inlet approaches or drops below the autoignition temperature of the second gas.
18. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a turbine or a piston engine that receives gas from at least one of the reaction chambers.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the turbine receives and expands gas from the second reaction chamber.
20. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a compressor that receives and compresses gas prior to introduction of the gas into at least one of the reaction chambers.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the compressor is configured to compress the second gas prior to introducing the second gas into the second reaction chamber.