Beam-forming concentrating solar thermal array power systems
The present invention relates to concentrating solar-power systems and, more particularly, beam-forming concentrating solar thermal array power systems. A solar thermal array power system is provided, including a plurality of solar concentrators arranged in pods. Each solar concentrator includes a solar collector, one or more beam-forming elements, and one or more beam-steering elements. The solar collector is dimensioned to collect and divert incoming rays of sunlight. The beam-forming elements intercept the diverted rays of sunlight, and are shaped to concentrate the rays of sunlight into a beam. The steering elements are shaped, dimensioned, positioned, and/or oriented to deflect the beam toward a beam output path. The beams from the concentrators are converted to heat at a receiver, and the heat may be temporarily stored or directly used to generate electricity.
1. A solar concentrator for concentrating sunlight and forming sunlight into a beam, the solar concentrator comprising:
a solar collector comprising a curved reflective surface shaped to divert rays of sunlight and being rotatable to track the sun;
a beam-forming reflector positioned to intercept the diverted rays of sunlight from the solar collector, the beam-forming reflector shaped to concentrate the diverted rays of sunlight into a beam; and
at least one steering reflector shaped and positioned to deflect the beam along a beam output path; and
wherein the at least one steering reflector comprises a first steering reflector located between the solar collector and the beam-forming reflector, the first steering reflector having a reflective surface directed toward the beam-forming reflector and rotatable with respect to the solar collector and the beam-forming reflector.
2. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the curved reflective surface of the solar collector has a focal point, and wherein the beam-forming reflector is offset from the focal point.
3. The solar concentrator of claim 2 , wherein the beam-forming reflector is positioned between the solar collector and its focal point.
4. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the solar concentrator is configured so that a portion of the beam output path passes along a polar axis.
5. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the beam-forming reflector is rotatable to track the sun.
6. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the first steering reflector is counter-rotatable to steer the beam along the beam output path.
7. The solar concentrator of claim 6 , wherein the solar concentrator is configured so that the beam output path is received by a fixed surface.
8. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the curved reflective surface of the solar collector comprises a first mirror, the beam-forming reflector comprises a second mirror, and the first steering reflector comprises a third mirror.
9. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one steering reflector further comprises a second steering reflector, wherein the second steering reflector is fixed at an orientation to steer the beam along the beam output path.
10. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the solar concentrator is configured so that the beam output path passes at an elevation lower than the solar collector.
11. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the solar collector comprises a parabolic or paraboloid dish.
12. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the beam-forming reflector comprises a curved reflective surface, and wherein a curvature of the beam-forming reflector is configured to be adjusted based on a distance between the beam-forming reflector and the solar collector.
13. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the solar collector comprises a concave shape.
14. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the beam output path is approximately parallel to the ground.
15. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the beam-forming reflector comprises a second curved reflective surface.
16. A solar power system comprising:
a plurality of solar concentrators, each solar concentrator for concentrating sunlight and forming-sunlight into a beam, each solar concentrator comprising:
a solar collector comprising a curved reflective surface-shaped to divert rays of sunlight and being rotatable to track the sun;
a beam-forming reflector positioned to intercept the diverted rays of sunlight from the solar collector; the beam-forming reflector shaped to concentrate the diverted rays of sunlight into the beam; and
at least one steering reflector shaped and positioned to deflect the beam along a beam output path,
wherein the at least one steering reflector comprises a first steering reflector located between the solar collector and the beam-forming reflector, the first steering reflector having a reflective surface directed toward the beam-forming reflector and rotatable with respect to the solar collector and the beam-forming reflector; and
wherein the plurality of solar concentrators are positioned so that the beams from the plurality of solar concentrators converge at a same fixed location.
17. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein, for at least one of the plurality of solar concentrators, the curved reflective surface of the solar collector has a focal point, and wherein the beam-forming reflector is positioned between the curved reflective surface and the focal point.
18. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein the solar collector comprises a parabolic or paraboloid mirror.
19. The solar power system of claim 16 , further comprising a receiver located at the fixed location, the receiver configured to receive the beams from the plurality of solar concentrators and to convert the beams into heat, and wherein, for each solar concentrator, the at least one steering reflector further comprises a second steering reflector positioned between the first steering reflector and the receiver along the beam output path.
20. The solar power system of claim 19 , wherein the second steering reflector is fixed, and wherein the beam-forming reflector and the first steering reflector are configured to rotate to track the sun.
21. The solar power system of claim 19 , wherein first and second solar concentrators within the plurality of solar concentrators are located at different first and second distances from the receiver, and wherein first and second steering reflectors of the first and second solar concentrators, respectively, are configured to steer the beam across the first and second distances; respectively.
22. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein, for at least one of the plurality of solar concentrators, the curved reflective surface of the solar collector has a focal point, and wherein the focal point is located between the curved reflective surface and the beam-forming reflector.
23. The solar power system of claim 16 , further comprising a receiver located at the fixed location, the receiver configured to receive the beams from the plurality of solar concentrators and to convert the beams into heat.
24. The solar power system of claim 23 , further comprising an energy storage system for storing at least a portion of the heat from the receiver.
25. The solar power system of claim 23 , further comprising a power-conversion unit coupled to the receiver for converting the heat into electricity.
26. The solar power system of claim 25 , wherein the power conversion unit comprises a turbine.
27. The solar power system of claim 23 , wherein the receiver is located at ground level.
28. The solar power system of claim 23 , wherein the plurality of solar concentrators are located at different angles radial to the receiver.
29. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein the solar power system is arranged in a pod within a system comprising a plurality of pods, each pod comprising the solar power system comprising the plurality of solar concentrators and a receiver located at the fixed location wherein the beams from the plurality of solar concentrators are configured to converge, the receiver configured to receive the beams from the plurality of solar concentrators and to convert the beams into heat.
30. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein at least a portion of the output path passes below the concentrator.
31. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein each solar concentrator has a concentration factor of at least 30.
32. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein, for each solar concentrator, the curved reflective surface of the solar collector comprises a first mirror, the beam-forming reflector comprises a second mirror, and the first steering reflector comprises a third mirror.
33. The solar power system of claim 16 , wherein the fixed location is at ground level.
34. A method for generating electricity from sunlight by concentrating sunlight and forming sunlight into beams, the method comprising:
concentrating rays of sunlight using a plurality of solar concentrators, wherein each solar concentrator comprises:
a solar collector comprising a curved reflective surface rotatable to track the sun,
a beam-forming reflector, and
at least one steering reflector;
diverting the rays of sunlight with each of the curved reflective surfaces of the solar collectors to the beam-forming reflectors;
intercepting the diverted rays of sunlight with each of the beam-forming reflectors of the plurality of solar concentrators;
concentrating the diverted rays of sunlight into a beam with each of the beam-forming reflectors;
deflecting the beams from the beam-forming reflectors along a beam output path with each of the at least one steering reflectors of the plurality of solar concentrators, wherein each at least one steering reflector comprises a first steering reflector located between the solar collector and the beam-forming reflector, the first steering reflector having a reflective surface directed toward the beam-forming reflector and rotatable with respect to the solar collector and the beam forming reflector;
steering the beams from the at least one steering reflectors to a single receiver; and
rotating the solar collectors to track the sun.
35. The method of claim 34 , further comprising the steps of:
converting the beams into heat at the receiver; and
converting the heat into electricity with a first power-conversion unit.
36. The method of claim 35 , further comprising:
concentrating sunlight and forming sunlight into beams using a second plurality of solar concentrators;
steering the beams from the second plurality of solar concentrators to a second receiver;
converting the beams into heat at the second receiver;
converting the heat into electricity with a second power-conversion unit; and
combining the electricity from the first and second power-conversion units.
37. The method of claim 35 , further comprising storing the heat prior to converting the heat into electricity.
38. The method of claim 34 , further comprising counter-rotating the first steering reflectors of the plurality of solar concentrators to steer the beams to the receiver along a fixed beam output path.
39. The method of claim 34 , further comprising overlapping the beams at the receiver to control a concentration and power-density distribution at the receiver.
40. The method of claim 34 , wherein the plurality of solar concentrators are located at different angles radial to the receiver.
41. The method of claim 34 , wherein a ratio of an area of sunlight collected at each solar collector of the plurality of solar concentrators to a cross-section of each of the beams at the receiver is at least 30.