Gradual oxidation with heat control
Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.
1. A method for oxidizing fuel, comprising:
in a reaction chamber, with an inlet and an outlet, that is configured to maintain an oxidation process, determining when an inlet temperature of a gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, at an inlet side within the reaction chamber drops below an autoignition threshold of the fuel; and
when the inlet temperature drops below the autoignition threshold, outputting a signal from a correction module to a control module (i) to increase flow of media from an outlet side within the reaction chamber to the inlet side, (ii) to contact the media with the gas, and (iii) to increase the inlet temperature of the gas to above the autoignition threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the media is a flue gas from the reaction chamber.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the flue gas comprises a diluent.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining oxidation of the fuel beneath a flameout temperature of the fuel.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining oxidation of the fuel below 2300° F.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving gas from the reaction chamber in a turbine or a piston engine and expanding the flue gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving and compressing the gas in a compressor prior to introduction of the gas into the reaction chamber.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizable fuel comprises at least one of hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, natural gas, propane, propylene, propadiene, n-butane, iso-butane, butylene-1, butadiene, iso-pentane, n-pentane, acetylene, hexane, and carbon monoxide.
9. A method for oxidizing fuel in a system that receives a gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, into an oxidizer having a reaction chamber with an inlet and an outlet, the reaction chamber being configured to maintain a gradual oxidation of the fuel without a catalyst, the method comprising:
detecting when a reaction chamber inlet temperature of the gas at an inlet side within the reaction chamber drops below an autoignition threshold of the fuel; and
outputting instructions from a correction module to a control module (i) to increase flow of media from an outlet side within the reaction chamber to the inlet side, (ii) to contact the media with the gas, and (iii) to increase the inlet temperature such that the inlet temperature is maintained above the autoignition threshold, while a temperature within the reaction chamber remains below a flameout temperature.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the media is a flue gas from the reaction chamber.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flue gas comprises a diluent.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising maintaining oxidation of the fuel beneath a flameout temperature of the fuel.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising maintaining oxidation of the fuel beneath 2300° F.
14. The method of claim 9 , further comprising receiving a flue gas from the reaction chamber and expanding the flue gas.
15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising receiving and compressing the gas in a compressor prior to introduction of the gas into the reaction chamber.
16. A method for oxidizing fuel, comprising:
in a reaction chamber, having an inlet and an outlet, that is configured to maintain an oxidation process, determining, with a sensor, when an inlet temperature of a gas, comprising an oxidizable fuel, at an inlet side of the reaction chamber approaches an autoignition threshold of the fuel;
when the inlet temperature drops below the autoignition threshold, (i) increasing flow of media from an outlet side within the reaction chamber to the inlet side, (ii) contacting the media with the gas, and (iii) maintaining an actual temperature within the reaction chamber is at a level below a flameout temperature and above the autoignition threshold, such that gradual oxidation of the fuel is maintained within the reaction chamber.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising outputting a signal from a correction module to a control module to increase the inlet temperature of the gas to remain above the autoignition threshold.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the media is a flue gas from the reaction chamber.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the flue gas comprises a diluent.