Compositions and methods relating to transgenic plants and cellulosic ethanol production
Transgenic lignocellulosic plants are provided according to embodiments of the present invention, the transgenic plants transformed with an expression cassette encoding a protein operably linked to a signal peptide which targets the protein to a cell wall of the transgenic plant, where at least 5% of the total amino acid residues of the protein are tyrosine, lysine, serine, threonine or cysteine. Methods of increasing lignin-protein bonds in a lignocellulosic plant are provided according to embodiments of the present invention which include expressing a recombinant nucleic acid in a lignocellulosic plant, the recombinant nucleic acid encoding a protein operably linked to a signal peptide which targets the protein to the cell wall of a plant, where at least 5% of the total amino acid residues of the protein are tyrosine, lysine, serine, threonine or cysteine.
1. A transgenic lignocellulosic plant transformed with an expression cassette encoding a protein operably linked to 1) a signal peptide which targets the protein to a cell wall of the transgenic plant and 2) a promoter conferring specific or preferred expression of the protein in lignifying tissue, where at least 10% of the total amino acid residues of the protein are tyrosine, lysine, serine, threonine or cysteine.
2. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , where 10-100%, inclusive, of the total amino acid residues of the protein are tyrosine.
3. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , characterized by increased release of fermentable sugars upon treatment of lignocellulosic material of the transgenic lignocellulosic plant with a cellulolytic agent compared to a wild-type plant of the same species.
4. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , characterized by substantially similar total lignin content compared to a wild-type plant of the same species.
5. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , characterized by reduction of lignin content upon treatment of lignocellulosic material of the plant with a peptidolytic agent compared to a wild-type plant of the same species.
6. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of: poplar, hybrid poplar, Eucalyptus, loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ), radiata pine ( Pinus radiata ), spruce, alfalfa, corn, wheat, oats, rice, barley and cereal grasses.
7. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is a lignocellulosic woody plant.
8. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is a lignocellulosic crop plant.
9. The transgenic lignocellulosic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of: Arecaceae; Liliaceae; Musaceae; Poaceae; Anacardiaceae; Asteraceae; Brassicaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Fabaceae; Linaceae; Malvaceae; Oleaceae; Rosaceae; Rutaceae; Solanaceae; Vitaceae; Betulaceae; Casuarinaceae; Fagaceae; Juglandaceae; Sapindaceae; Hippocastanaceae; Meliaceae; Simaroubaceae; Anacardiaceae; Cornaceae; Cupressaceae; Taxaceae; Taxodiaceae; and Pinaceae.
10. A transgenic lignocellulosic plant comprising modified lignin in lignifying tissue, the modified lignin characterized by fewer intermolecular bonds within the lignin and by chemical bonding of the modified lignin to the protein, the transgenic lignocellulosic plant transformed with an expression cassette encoding a protein operably linked to 1) a signal peptide which targets the protein to a cell wall of the transgenic plant and 2) a promoter conferring specific or preferred expression of the protein in lignifying tissue, where at least 10% of the total amino acid residues of the protein are tyrosine, lysine, serine, threonine or cysteine, wherein the transgenic lignocellulosic plant is characterized by increased release of fermentable sugars upon treatment of lignocellulosic material of the transgenic lignocellulosic plant with a cellulolytic agent compared to a wild-type plant of the same species.