Piston and method of making a piston
A one-piece piston including a combustion bowl which is cast to its final form and includes at least one irregularity spaced from a central axis. The piston is initially fabricated of an upper crown member and a lower crown member, which are joined together. The piston is then chucked into a machine tool, such as a CNC lathe, which locates either the piston's top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl and establishes its location as a datum plane. It is this datum plane which serves as a reference location for subsequent machining operations of the piston.
1. A method of making a piston comprising the steps of:
preparing a single piece cast upper crown member having a combustion bowl cast to a final form and a top surface adjacent the combustion bowl final form;
preparing a lower crown member as a discrete component separate from the upper crown member;
joining the upper and lower crown members together;
establishing the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl of the upper crown member as a datum plane for at least one subsequent machining operation; and
machining at least a portion of the joined upper and lower crown members other than said top surface and combustion bowl based on the datum plane.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the combustion bowl in its final form includes at least one irregularity spaced radially from a central axis and extending less than circumferentially around the central axis or extending in a non-uniform manner circumferentially around the central axis.
3. The method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the at least one irregularity is a projection.
4. The method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the at least one irregularity is a recess.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the top surface of the upper crown member is also cast to its final form and wherein the top surface of the upper crown member is established as the datum plane.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lower crown member is formed as a single piece and includes a skirt portion and a pair of pin bosses.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6 further including the step of clamping a machine tool onto a top outer diameter of the piston before the step of establishing the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a datum plane.
8. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the machining at least a portion of the piston is further defined as machining at least one ring groove into the outer diameter of the piston.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8 further including the steps of releasing the machine tool from the piston and clamping the same machine tool or another machine tool onto an outer surface of the skirt portion.
10. The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the datum plane based on the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl is a first datum plane and further including the step of establishing a surface of the skirt as a second datum plane.
11. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the second datum plane is a bottom surface of the skirt portion.
12. The method as set forth in claim 10 further including the step of machining at least a least one of the ring grooves and at least one land area adjacent to the ring grooves based on the second datum plane.
13. The method as set forth in claim 10 further including the steps of releasing the machine tool from the piston and clamping the same machine tool or a different machine tool onto one of the lands adjacent the ring grooves.
14. The method as set forth in claim 13 further including the steps of establishing either the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a third datum plane and machining the pin bore based on the third datum plane.
15. The method as set forth in claim 14 further including the steps of releasing the machine tool from the one of the lands and clamping the same machine tool or another machine tool onto one of the lands.
16. The method as set forth in claim 15 further including the steps of establishing either the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a fourth datum plane and machining at least one of a ring groove, a land, and the skirt portion based on the fourth datum plane.
17. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the piston includes an oil gallery formed entirely by the upper and lower crown members.
18. A method of forming a piston for a diesel fueled engine, comprising the steps of:
preparing a cast first crown portion with a combustion bowl and a top surface each cast to final form, and wherein the combustion bowl has at least one irregularity which is non-machinable through a turning process;
preparing a second crown portion and a skirt as a separate component from the first crown portion, and wherein the skirt has a pin bore and a bottom surface;
joining the first and second crown portions together with the top surface of the first crown portion facing in an opposite direction from the bottom surface of the skirt to form a unified piston;
establishing the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a first datum plane;
machining an outer surface of the piston to form at least one ring groove and at least one land adjacent the at least one ring groove based on the first datum plane;
establishing the bottom surface of the skirt as a second datum plane;
machining the at least one ring groove and the at least one land based on the second datum plane;
establishing the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a third datum plane; and
machining the pin bore of the skirt based on the third datum plane.
19. The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the at least one irregularity is a projection.
20. The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the at least one irregularity is a recess.
21. The method as set forth in claim 18 further including the step of establishing either the top surface or a portion of the combustion bowl as a fourth datum plane.
22. The method as set forth in claim 21 further including the step of machining at least one of a ring groove, a land, and a piston skirt based on the fourth datum plane.
23. A method of making a piston, comprising:
preparing a piston blank having a cast upper crown with an unmachined top surface and an unmachined combustion bowl; and
machining the piston by establishing the unmachined top surface or unmachined combustion bowl as a datum surface and then machining at least a portion of the piston other than the unmachined top surface or the unmachined combustion bowl.
24. The method as set forth in claim 23 wherein the unmachined combustion bowl includes at least one irregularity spaced radially from a central axis of the piston and extending less than entirely circumferentially around the central axis or non-uniformly circumferentially around the central axis.
25. The method as set forth in claim 24 wherein the at least one irregularity is a projection.
26. The method as set forth in claim 24 wherein the at least one irregularity is a recess.
27. A piston, comprising:
an upper crown portion that is fabricated of cast metal having a top surface and a combustion bowl;
a lower crown portion having a piston skirt and at least one pin boss fabricated as one-piece; and
wherein said piston has machined surfaces and unmachined surfaces and wherein said unmachined surfaces include at least said combustion bowl.
28. The piston as set forth in claim 27 wherein said top surface of said upper crown portion is an unmachined surface.
29. The piston as set forth in claim 27 wherein said combustion bowl in said as-cast condition includes at least one irregularity spaced radially from a central axis.
30. The piston as set forth in claim 29 wherein said at least one irregularity includes at least one projection.
31. The piston as set forth in claim 29 wherein said at least one irregularity includes at least one recess.