Fabric-faced floor coverings with micro-spring face structures
The present invention is directed to multiple-layer composites suitable for use as floor-coverings in the form of cut tiles or broadloom sheets, providing a durable and highly stable structure that can lay flat and remain flat with variations in temperature and humidity and provide a durable and yet soft textile face. The composite comprises a laterally-compressible fabric face bonded with an adhesive layer to a highly conformable stress-absorbing cushioning layer. The face fabric comprises closely packed looped yarns reciprocating between the top and the bottom of the fabric, protruding into the adhesive layer and emerging from the adhesive layer to the surface forming micro-spring structures. The weight, properties, density and level of penetration of adhesive are controlled to maintain lateral compressibility for the entire composite and avoid warping.
1. A floorcovering composite comprising a fabric face layer joined to a cushioning layer with adhesive partially penetrating both layers forming an adhesive composite layer ( 18 ), wherein the surfaces of the face fabric are formed with yarns reciprocating from one surface to the other surface forming peak loops and trough loops, and wherein the yarns forming peak loops descend from the peaks into adhesive within a lateral distance X,
wherein a first ratio of X to a first thickness ( 25 ) of the face fabric above the adhesive composite layer ( 18 ) is less than about 1.0, and
wherein a void percentage of the adhesive composite layer ( 18 ) is greater than about 15%.
2. The floorcovering composite of claim 1 wherein a basis weight of the fabric face layer exceeds 200 g/m 2 , and the fabric face layer is free of a continuous planar anchoring sublayer.
3. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the fabric face layer comprises discontinuous fibrous or non-fibrous internal sublayer.
4. The floorcovering composite of claim 1 , wherein a planar recoverable surface stretch of the composite is less than about 10%.
5. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein a second ratio of a second thickness ( 48 ) of the cushioning layer to a combination of the adhesive composite layer ( 18 ) and the first thickness ( 25 ) is greater than about 1.5.
6. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the first ratio is less than about 0.8.
7. The floorcovering composite of claim 6 , wherein the first ratio is less than about 0.6.
8. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the void percentage is greater than about 20%.
9. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the void percentage is greater than about 25%.
10. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the void percentage is greater than about 30%.
11. The floorcovering composite of claim 5 , wherein the second ratio is greater than about 2.0.
12. The floorcovering composite of claim 5 , wherein the second ratio is greater than about 2.5.
13. The floorcovering composite of claim 5 , wherein the second ratio is less than about 5.0.
14. The floor covering composite of claim 2 has an average void fraction of greater than about 10%.
15. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 wherein the average void fraction is greater than about 20%.
16. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 wherein the fabric face layer is a woven, knit, tufted, stitched, or interval-bonded textile pile fabric, and joined to the cushion layer with the taller protruding loops facing up away from the adhesive.
17. The tloorcovering composite of claim 2 wherein the fabric face layer is a woven, knit, tufted; stitched, or interval-bonded textile pile fabric, and joined to the cushion layer with the taller protruding loops facing toward the adhesive.
18. The floorcovering composite of claim 1 wherein the face layer fabric is an interval-bonded virtual pile fabric, wherein a warp of yarns is attached to a thermoplastic layer, and the fabric is directly laminated with heat and pressure onto the cushioning layer with the thermoplastic layer acting as the adhesive.
19. The tloorcovering composite of claim 1 , wherein the fabric face layer is a warp-knit or stitchbonded fabric formed with one or more inter-engaging tricot bars, forming the two surfaces of the fabric face layer.
20. The floorcovering composite of claim 19 , wherein underlaps of the fabric face layer are placed against the adhesive.
21. The floorcovering composite of claim 19 wherein overlaps of the fabric face layer are placed against the adhesive layer.
22. The floorcovering composite of claim 1 further comprising a barrier layer.
23. The floorcovering composite of claim herein the barrier layer comprises a gas permeable, liquid impermeable material.
24. The floorcovering composite of claim 22 , wherein the fabric face layer is treated with a repellent polymeric coating.
25. The floorcovering composite of claim 2 , wherein the entire composite is treated with a repellent polymeric coating.