Chitosan-alginate scaffold cell culture system and related methods
Methods for culturing cancer cells in vitro using a three-dimensional scaffold, scaffolds that include the cultured cancer cells, and methods for using the cultured cancer cells and the scaffolds that include the cultured cancer cells in anticancer therapeutic drug development.
1. A three-dimensional scaffold, comprising:
(a) a porous chitosan-alginate scaffold; and
(b) cultured cancer cells,
wherein the cancer cells are seeded on the scaffold and are cultured for a time sufficient to produce tumor spheroids.
2. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased tumor malignancy compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
3. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased expression of growth factors compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
4. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased expression of the enzyme MMP-2 compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
5. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased expression of the extracellular matrix proteins compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
6. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased tumorigenicity in vivo compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
7. The scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the cultured cancer cells have increased CD31 + cell recruitment in vivo compared to two-dimensionally cultured cancer cells.
8. A method for producing a cancerous tumor in a subject, comprising implanting in a subject the scaffold of claim 1 , and growing the cancer cells for a sufficient amount of time to produce a cancerous tumor in said subject.
9. A method for screening a candidate chemotherapeutic agent in vitro comprising contacting in vitro the scaffold of claim 1 with a candidate chemotherapeutic agent and measuring growth of the cancer cells, wherein a decrease in growth of said cancer cells in said scaffold as compared to a control identifies said agent as a chemotherapeutic agent.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein measuring growth of the cancer cells comprises measuring cell proliferation or measuring cell viability in said cancer cells.
11. A method for screening a candidate chemotherapeutic agent in vivo comprising: (a) implanting in a subject the scaffold of claim 1 ; (b) administering a candidate chemotherapeutic agent to said subject; and (c) measuring growth of the cancer cells, wherein a decrease in growth of said cancer cells in said scaffold as compared to a control identifies said agent as a chemotherapeutic agent.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein prior to administering the candidate chemotherapeutic agent to said subject the cancer cells of said scaffold grow for a sufficient amount of time to produce a tumor; wherein said measuring growth of the cancer cells encompasses measuring mass or volume of the tumor both prior to and after administering the candidate chemotherapeutic agent; and wherein said control is the measured mass or volume of the tumor prior to administering the candidate chemotherapeutic agent.