Stabilization of green bodies via sacrificial gelling agent during electrophoretic deposition
In one embodiment, a method for electrophoretic deposition of a three-dimensionally patterned green body includes suspending a first material in a gelling agent above a patterned electrode of an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) chamber, and gelling the suspension while applying a first electric field to the suspension to cause desired patterning of the first material in a resulting gelation. In another embodiment, a ceramic, metal, or cermet includes a plurality of layers, wherein each layer includes a gradient in composition, microstructure, and/or density in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the plurality of layers along a predetermined distance in a z-direction perpendicular to the plane of deposition.
1. A product, comprising:
a plurality of layers, each of the plurality of layers comprising non-spherical particles,
wherein each layer comprises a gradient in composition, microstructure, and/or density of the non-spherical particles in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the plurality of layers along a predetermined distance in a z-direction perpendicular to the plane of deposition,
wherein each of the non-spherical particles has a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axes of the non-spherical particles being oriented in a single common direction.
2. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the gradient in at least one of the layers is defined by a first plurality of non-spherical particles being arranged in a first pattern and a second material plurality of non-spherical particles being arranged in a second pattern, wherein the first pattern is complementary to the second pattern.
3. The product as recited in claim 2 , wherein the first-plurality of non-spherical particles and the second plurality of non-spherical particles have a characteristic of being deposited through an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process utilizing at least one patterned electrode, the patterned electrode being configured to facilitate deposition of the first plurality of non-spherical particles according to the first pattern and the second plurality of non-spherical particles according to the second pattern.
4. The product as recited in claim 2 , wherein at least one other layer comprises a gradient defined by a third plurality of non-spherical particles being arranged in a third pattern and a fourth plurality of non-spherical particles being arranged in a fourth pattern, wherein the third pattern is complementary to the fourth pattern, wherein the first pattern is different from the third pattern.
5. The product as recited in claim 2 , wherein the first plurality of non-spherical particles is comprised of a first non-cubic crystalline material, and the second plurality of non-spherical particles is comprised of a second non-cubic crystalline material, the first non-cubic crystalline material being different than the second non-cubic crystalline material.
6. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the non-spherical particles each have a longitudinal length that is at least three times longer than a width thereof.
7. A high-powered laser comprising the product as recited in claim 1 as a ceramic optic in the laser.
8. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the product is transparent.
9. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the non-spherical particles comprise fluorapatite.
10. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the fluorapatite particles each have a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of about 500 nm.