Method for producing redox shuttles
A single step method for producing a redox shuttle having the formula 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate) is provided, the method comprising phosphorylating tert butyl hydroquinone with a phosphate-containing reagent. Also provided is method for producing 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate), the method comprising solubilizing tert-butyl hydroquinone and tetrabutylammonium bromide with methyltetrahydrofuran to create a mixture; heating the mixture while adding base to the mixture in an amount to turn the mixture orange; and adding diethyl chlorophosphate to the orange mixture in an amount to phosphorylate the hydroquinone.
1. A single step method for producing a redox shuttle having the formula 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate), the method comprising phosphorylating tert butyl hydroquinone with a phosphate-containing reagent in a dual phase system wherein the dual phase system comprises an aqueous solution of base and a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, and wherein the method occurs at between about 20 and 35° C.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the phosphate-containing reagent is a halogenated compound selected from the group consisting of diethyl chlorophosphate, diethyl bromophosphate, diethyl iodophosphate and combinations thereof.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the shuttle is purified without the use of chromatography.
4. The method as recited in claim 3 wherein the shuttle is produced in about 5 to 7 hours.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the phosphorylating occurs in ambient atmosphere.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the hydroquinone and reagent are solubilized with water immiscible solvents selected from the group consisting of methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, and combinations thereof to create a mixture.
7. A single step method for producing a redox shuttle having the formula 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate), the method comprising phosphorylating tert butyl hydroquinone with a phosphate-containing reagent in a dual phase system, wherein the dual phase system comprises an aqueous solution of base and a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising a visual cue to indicate the phosphorylation.
9. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the dual phase system changes color to indicate phosphorylation.
10. A method for producing 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate), the method comprising:
a. solubilizing 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol and tetrabutylammonium bromide with methyltetrahydrofuran to create a mixture;
b. adding base to the mixture in an amount to turn the mixture orange; and
c. adding diethyl chlorophosphate to the orange mixture in an amount to phosphorylate the hydroquinone.
11. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein the method utilizes a dual phase reaction liquor.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein dual phase reaction liquor comprises an aqueous solution of base and a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst.
13. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein the method utilizes a phase transfer catalyst.
14. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein the 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate) is purified without the use of chromatography.
15. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein the 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene tetraethyl bis(phosphate) is produced in about 5-7 hours.
16. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein the method is performed in ambient atmosphere.
17. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein phosphorylation is indicated when the color of the mixture turns from orange to colorless.
18. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein the temperature of the method is controlled between about 10 and 50° C., preferably between about 20 and 35° C., most preferably at about 27° C.