BORON RECOVERY TREATMENT METHOD
A system ( 10 ) for processing and treating a wastestream, NPP primary water or like fluid from a PWR, VVER or other boron moderated reactor source is disclosed. The system allows discharge amounts of boron to be safely lowered and selectively recovered as a solid for disposal and recycled or reused in other fluid forms; and allows for replenishing of high pH subsystems needed in situ by internal coordinated use of regeneration fluids.
1 . A system ( 10 ) for processing and treating a wastestream, NPP primary water or like fluid from a dissolved boron moderated reactor or BMR source such that discharge amounts of boron can be safely lowered and selectively recovered as a solid for disposal and recycled or reused in other fluid forms, said system comprising the following steps:
(a) communicating the wastestream from the boron moderated reactor source through a high basic pH adjustment station, and from said station to a first pass RO where said wastestream is divided by filtration into a first pass permeate and a first pass reject, said first pass reject containing a larger amount of boron;
(b) directing the first pass permeate to a second pass RO, where the permeate is divided by filtration into a second pass permeate ( 24 ) and a second pass reject ( 26 ), each leaving the second pass RO, the second pass reject containing smaller residual remaining amounts of boron; and
(c) passing at least a portion of the second pass permeate ( 24 ) to at least a first polishing demin unit or IX unit selected from a group of such units consisting of demin or IX unit ( 28 ), demin or IX unit ( 30 ) and other such units when chosen for deployment, each having ion exchange media with boron selective resin ( 29 ), and from said at least first polishing demin unit through a mode of operation chosen from a group consisting of discharge and recycle.
2 . The system of claim 1 ; wherein, prior to (b); directing the first pass permeate to a second high basic pH adjustment station if needed to retain high pH.
3 . This system ( 10 ) of claim 2 , wherein, the system further comprises:
contemporaneous or after step (a), transmitting the first pass reject for evaporation and concentration; and
contemporaneous or after step (b), recycling the second pass reject to the first pass RO.
4 . This system ( 10 ) of claim 3 , wherein, each of the high basic pH adjustment stations adjusts to a pH equal to or greater than about 10.
5 . The system ( 10 ) of claim 4 , wherein, said evaporation and concentration includes a subprocess, comprising the steps of:
transmitting said first pass reject to a feed holdup tank or DDHUT ( 36 ), thereby becoming the contents thereof,
recyclably making said contents of said feed holdup tank available to a further high basic pH adjustment station on a recycle line serving the feed holdup tank, and
transferring the contents to a drying and evaporative unit or DD ( 38 ) for substantial solidification of said contents.
6 . The system of claim 5 , further comprising:
transferring or communicating a regeneration solution ( 33 A) as a high basic pH fluid, to the boron selective resin ( 29 ) of said at least first polishing demin unit at selected stages of boron loading for regeneration of the selective media ( 29 ) contents in situ.
7 . The system of claim 6 , further comprising means for providing the regeneration solution ( 33 A) to said at least first polishing demin unit while also serving generally, contemporaneously in providing fluid as it can be rendered at higher basic pH to the DDHUT such that boron therein, and as passed to the DD for drying and evaporation, is more soluble so as to produce a higher amount of solid boron content.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein said means for providing the regeneration solution ( 33 A) comprises a regen solution tank ( 32 ), spent regeneration solution area ( 34 ) and coordinated communicative lines to supply target areas including the said at least first demin (IX) unit and DDHUT ( 36 ) with hydroxide containing fluid with generally higher pH than its target areas.
9 . A system ( 10 ) for processing and treating a wastestream, NPP primary water or like fluid from a boron moderated reactor (BMR) such that discharge amounts of boron can be safely lowered and selectively recovered as a solid for disposal and recycled or reused in other solid or fluid forms, said system comprising the following steps:
(a) communicating the wastestream from a boron moderated reactor source through a high basic pH adjustment station, and from said station to a first pass RO ( 14 ) where the wastestream is divided by virtue of filtration into a first pass permeate ( 16 ) and a first pass reject ( 18 ), where the first pass reject contains substantial amounts of boron;
(b) directing the first pass permeate ( 16 ) to a second high basic pH adjustment station ( 20 ) when needed to retain high pH, and further directing the permeate ( 16 ) to a second pass RO ( 22 ), where the permeate is divided by virtue of filtration into a second pass permeate ( 24 ) and a second pass reject ( 26 ), each leaving the second pass RO ( 22 ), and where the second pass reject ( 26 ) contains residual remaining amounts of boron;
(c) passing at least a portion of the second pass permeate ( 24 ), to at least a first polishing demin unit or IX unit chosen from a group of such units consisting of polishing demin or IX unit ( 28 ), polishing demin or IX unit ( 30 ) and other such units selectively desired for deployment, each having ion exchange media with boron selective resin ( 29 ), and from the at least first polishing demin unit to at least one location of a group consisting of discharge and recycle; and wherein transferring a hydroxide enriched regeneration solution ( 33 A) from a regeneration solution tank ( 32 ) to the at least first polishing demin unit for regenerating the boron selective resin ( 29 ) therein at selective stages of boron loading and generating a spent regeneration solution ( 33 ) as a source of remaining free hydroxide for use in further pH adjustment and placing or delivering the spent regeneration solution ( 33 ) to a spent regeneration area ( 34 ) for availability to other areas of the system ( 10 ); and
selectively and contemporaneously communicating or transferring the spent regeneration solution ( 33 ) to the DDHUT ( 36 ).
10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein:
contemporaneous or after step (a), transmitting the first pass reject ( 18 ) for evaporation and concentration; and
contemporaneous or after step (b), recycling the second pass reject ( 26 ) to the first pass RO ( 14 ).
11 . The system of claim 9 , wherein, prior to transferring the hydroxide enriched regeneration solution ( 33 A) from the regeneration solution tank ( 32 ) to the at least first polishing demin unit, adding water to said tank ( 32 ) for dilution therewithin.
12 . The system of claim 10 , wherein, the evaporation and concentration includes a subprocess, comprising the steps of:
transmitting the first pass reject to the feed holdup tank, thereby becoming the contents thereof,
recyclably making the contents of the feed holdup tank available to a further high basic pH adjustment, and
transferring the contents to a drying and evaporative unit or DD ( 38 ) for substantial solidification of the contents.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein, the step of transferring the contents to the drying and evaporative unit for substantial solidification of the contents includes a further subprocess, comprising the steps of:
loading the contents into a pressure secure drum,
providing a vacuum environment inside the drum, and
heating the contents inside the drum, from the side of the drum or elsewhere, to substantially form a solid retaining the boron collected therein for disposal within the drum.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein, each of the high basic pH adjustments are based on a supply of at least one substance selected from a group of substances consisting of a) at least one hydroxide and b) a spent regeneration solution.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein, the hydroxide is NaOH or sodium hydroxide.
16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein, the at least first polishing demin unit comprises two ion exchange demin units connected in series with one another.
17 . The system of claim 16 , further comprising removal of at least one of the ion exchange demin units, when the resin of the ion exchange media therein is loaded with borate, for regeneration by hydroxide without heavy loading with other anion species, and subsequent placement back into service within the system.
18 . The system of claim 17 , wherein, the second pass permeate treated by the at least first polishing demin unit and passed to discharge or recycle, is in an aqueous form and consists of less than 1 ppm Boron.
19 . A system for processing and treating the wastestream, NPP primary water or like fluid from a boron moderated reactor or source thereof so that discharge amounts of boron can be safely lowered and selectively recovered as a solid for disposal and recycled or reused in other fluid forms, where the system comprises the following steps:
(a) communicating the wastestream from the boron moderated reactor source through a high basic pH adjustment station, where the pH is adjusted to greater than about 10.5, and from this station to at least one RO unit where the wastestream is divided by filtration into a filtration pass permeate and a filtration pass reject, where the filtration pass reject contains at least residual amounts of boron;
(b) directing the filtration pass permeate from the at least one RO unit to a reactor vessel where it is treated by chemical addition of a Group II A salt to generate a borate precipitate; and
(c) passing the borate precipitate to a unit for solid/liquid separation ( 68 ).
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein, the boron precipitate is communicated from the unit for solid/liquid separation ( 68 ) in at least one form selected from a group consisting of: a) a filtrate form and b) a solid form.
21 . The system of claim 20 , wherein, the Group IIA salt is selected from a group consisting of: 1) barium hydroxide and 2) other soluble barium salts.
22 . The system of claim 21 , wherein, the said b) a solid form is communicated to at least one location selected from a group consisting of 1) a location for discharge and 2) a location for treatment by a subprocess comprising a drum dryer holdup tank enclosure or DDHUT and transmittal to a drum dryer means or DD for drying, evaporation and forming of a substantially solid boron substance for disposal from therewithin.
23 . A system for processing and treating a wastestream, NPP primary water or like fluid from a boron moderated reactor selected from a group consisting of a PWR, VVER and other boron moderated reactors and sources thereof such that discharge amounts of boron can be safely lowered and selectively recovered as a solid for disposal and recycled or reused in other fluid forms, where the system comprises the following steps:
(a) communicating the wastestream from one of said boron moderated reactor sources through a high basic pH adjustment station, and from the station to at least one RO where the wastestream is divided by virtue of filtration into a first pass permeate and a first pass reject;
(b) directing the first pass permeate to at least one polishing demin unit having ion exchange or (IX) media with boron selective resin, and from the at least one polishing demin unit to discharge or recycle;
(c) transmitting the first pass reject to a DDHUT ( 36 ) to become contents therewithin, the DDHUT being served and supplied by a pH monitoring station ( 36 C) and a high basic pH adjustment station ( 37 ) for maintaining an environment of high pH inside the DDHUT to enhance boron solubility of the contents; and
(d) feeding the contents in increased boron soluble form to a drum dryer means or DD for drying and evaporation, and disposal of a solid boron substance generated therewithin in situ.
24 . The system of claim 23 , wherein, the boron selective resin of the ion exchange media is an Electro-deionization (EDI) unit.
25 . The system of claim 12 , wherein, the DDHUT, DD or other like subsytem or embodiment for supply, drying and evaporative action of the system is not utilized; and where in lieu of this a reject collection tank means ( 80 ) is used for at least one function chosen from a group consisting of loading, storing and evaluation of spent regeneration solution and other fluid contents of the system.
26 . The system ( 10 ) of claim 4 , wherein, said evaporation and concentration includes a subprocess, comprising at least the step of transmitting said first pass reject to a means for affecting drying and solid fluid concentration of a boron volume in the form of a molten effluent discharge for transfer into a selected disposal container of variable size based on a current job requirement.
27 . The system ( 10 ) of claim 26 , wherein, said means being a paddle or fanning dryer ( 90 ); said dryer ( 90 ) comprising:
a container member ( 91 );
a liquid feed entry portion ( 92 ) to the container ( 91 ), the liquid feed hang as at least a part thereof a liquid sodium borate;
a separation column ( 94 ), wherein evaporate steam ( 95 ) being discharged;
a heating compartment ( 96 ), wherein said compartment is of the type selected from a group consisting of a steam area, an oil jacket heating area and another area or compartment positioned and equipped to provide heat to interior portions of the container ( 91 );
pivotable paddle or fanning members for providing selected motion and movement of the contents of the container ( 91 ); and
a temperature probe extending to an interior portion of the container ( 91 ); and
a submeans for discharge of a molten solid-like fluid from the container ( 91 ); and wherein, a subprocess is employed within the container ( 91 ), comprising:
boron concentration in the container ( 91 ) being maximized by high pH and high temperature, the liquid feed sodium borate thus becoming a solid-like fluid consisting of a molten salt, which when discharged from the container and cooled becomes a hardened boron solid;
the subprocess further comprising selectively utilizing the pivotable paddle or fanning members for enhancement of heat transfer and movement of the molten salt toward the submeans for discharge, and
wherein aqueous volumes evaporated enter the separation column ( 94 ) where droplets of the molten salt separate from the solid-like fluid and are discharged from the column ( 94 ); and
wherein the column ( 94 ) is heated for prevention of solidification of the molten salt within said column ( 94 ).
28 . A method for rendering a radioactive waste fluid from a nuclear reactor to a substantially solid boron form, the method comprising:
affecting an adjustment of the waste fluid to a high alkaline or basic pH chemical state;
conveying the waste fluid through at least one means of reverse osmosis filtering,
wherein when the waste fluid is so conveyed to an additional means of reverse osmosis filtering, adjusting said fluid to the high alkaline or basic pH chemical state;
conveying the waste fluid to a means for polishing said waste fluid with a regenerable anion;
communicating the waste fluid to a means and source of evaporation and substantial solidification for generating the substantially solid boron form; and
sequentially and selectively providing a regeneration fluid having a high basic pH fluid for use by the means for polishing said waste fluid and for use by said means and source of evaporation and substantial solidification for regeneration of the high alkaline and basic pH chemical state.