VOLTAGE SWITCHABLE DIELECTRIC MATERIAL HAVING BONDED PARTICLE CONSTITUENTS
A voltage switchable dielectric material comprising a concentration of multi-component particles that are individually formed by a mechanical or mechanochemical bonding process that bonds a semiconductive or conductive-type host particle with multiple insulative, conductive, or semi-conductive guest particles.
1 . A composition comprising:
a binder;
particles dispersed uniformly within the binder, wherein at least some of the particles are mufti-component particles that singularly comprise: a conductive-type host particle and multiple insulative or semi-conductive guest particles;
wherein said composition is (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of said voltage that exceeds the characteristic voltage level.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the particles singularly comprise the conductive host particle being bonded with the multiple insulative or semi-conductive guest particles through mechanical or mechano-chemical bonding.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles are dispersed into the binder past a percolation threshold.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the percolation threshold coincides with a conductor or semiconductor particle concentration in range of 20-80% by volume.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the host particle is micron sized, and the guest particles are nano or sub-micron sized.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the guest material is organic.
7 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the organic material corresponds to carbon nanotubes, perylene, or graphene.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the guest material includes titanium dioxide or fumed silica.
9 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the particles are high-aspect ratio nanoparticles that are uniformly dispersed in the binder.
10 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles are dispersed into the binder past a percolation threshold, and wherein the characteristic voltage is dependent in part on a resistive characteristic of the guest material for the mufti-component particle.
11 . A voltage switchable dielectric material comprising a concentration of multi-component particles that are individually formed by a mechanical or mechanochemical bonding process that bonds a conductive-type host particle with multiple insulative or semi-conductive guest particles.
12 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of claim 11 , wherein a particle concentration of the material exceeds percolation.
13 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of claim 11 , further comprising: a concentration of single-component conductor elements in addition to the multi-component particles.
14 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of claim 11 , further comprising: a concentration of high aspect ratio nano-particles.
15 . A device comprising:
a layer of voltage switchable dielectric material provided as a protective layer against transient electrical conditions, wherein the voltage switchable dielectric material comprises a concentration of multi-component particles that are individually formed by a mechanical or mechanochemical bonding process that bonds a conductive-type host particle with multiple insulative or semi-conductive guest particles.