Catalytic CO
CO 2 capture from flue gas is a costly procedure, usually due to the energy required for regeneration of the capture medium. One potential medium which could reduce such an energy consumption, however, is Na 2 CO 3 . It has been well studied as a sorbent, and it is understood that the theoretical energy penalty of use of Na 2 CO 3 for CO 2 separation is low, due to the relatively low heat of reaction and low heat capacity of the material. While it offers some advantages over other methods, its primary downfall is the slow reaction with CO 2 during adsorption and the slow Na 2 CO 3 regeneration process. An aspect of the invention relates to a catalyst to improve reaction kinetics, and more particularly to a catalyst to improve reaction kinetics for CO 2 desorption and CO 2 adsorption.
1. A catalyst composition for adsorption or desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), comprising:
MOOH, where M is a trivalent metallic cation comprises Fe 3+ ; and
at least one of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 including a purity in a range from about 80% to about 100%, wherein the MOOH is nanoporous and a portion of at least one of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 arranged on said MOOH, wherein the desorption of carbon dioxide is according to equation:
Na 2 CO 3 +CO 2+ H 2 O 2NaHCO 3 ,
wherein the MOOH is a catalyst and supporting material for increasing a surface area of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 .
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising TiO(OH) 2 .
3. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising NO(OH) 2 , wherein NO(OH) 2 comprises the catalyst, where N is a tetravalent cation selected from a group consisting of Ti 4+ and Ce 4+ .
4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a weight percent of NaHCO 3 /MOOH is in a range from about 20 wt % to about 95 wt %.
5. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein a weight percent of Na 2 CO 3 /MOOH is in a range from about 20 wt % to about 95 wt %.
6. A catalyst composition for adsorption or desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), comprising:
NO(OH) 2 , where N is a tetravalent metallic cation selected from a group consisting of Ti 4+ and Ce 4+ , wherein the NO(OH) 2 is a nanoporous amorphous structure; and
at least one of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 , wherein said NaHCO 3 has a purity in a range from about 80% to about 100% and is arranged on the NO(OH) 2 , wherein the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide is according to equation:
Na 2 CO 3 +CO 2+ H 2 O 2NaHCO 3 ,
wherein the NO(OH) 2 is a catalyst and supporting material for increasing a surface area of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 .
7. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein the weight percent of NaHCO 3 /NO(OH) 2 was in a range from about 20 wt % to about 95 wt %.
8. A catalyst composition for desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), comprising:
a nanoporous amorphous TiO(OH) 2 substrate; and
at least one of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 arranged on the nanoporous substrate, wherein the desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is according to equation:
Na 2 CO 3 +CO 2+ H 2 O 2NaHCO 3 ,
wherein the TiO(OH) 2 is a catalyst and supporting material for increasing a surface area of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 .
9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein an activation energy of a CO 2 desorption is reduced in a range from about 5% to about 50% as compared to CO 2 desorption without the catalyst.
10. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein an activation energy of a CO 2 desorption is reduced in a range from about 25% to about 45% as compared to CO 2 desorption without the catalyst.
11. A catalyst composition for CO 2 desorption from a bicarbonate, comprising: NO(OH) 2 , where N is a tetravalent metallic cation and wherein NO(OH) 2 has a nanoporous amorphous structure; and
MOOH, where M is a trivalent metallic cation and wherein MOOH has a nanoporous structure, wherein the MOOH and NO(OH) 2 are each a catalyst and supporting material for increasing a surface area of the bicarbonate.
12. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the bicarbonate is selected from group consisting of NaHCO 3 and KHCO 3 .
13. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the trivalent metallic cation is selected from a group consisting of Fe 3+ and Al 3+ .
14. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the tetravalent metallic cation is selected from group consisting of Ti 4+ and Ce 4+ .
15. A method of CO 2 adsorption and desorption, comprising the steps of:
adsorption and desorption of CO 2 utilizing a catalyst composition, the catalyst composition comprising:
NO(OH) 2 , wherein N is a tetravalent metallic cation; and
Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 , wherein the adsorption and desorption of CO 2 is according to equation:
Na 2 CO 3 +CO 2+ H 2 O 2NaHCO 3 ,
wherein the NO(OH) 2 is the catalyst and a nanoporous amorphous supporting material for increasing a surface area of Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 .
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the tetravalent metallic cation is Ti 4+ .
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the tetravalent metallic cation is Ce 4+ .
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the CO 2 is from a flue gas of a coal fired plant.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the catalyst further comprises MOOH, where M is a trivalent metallic cation.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the trivalent metallic cation is selected from group consisting of Fe 3+ , Al 3+ and combinations thereof.