Automotive lubricant composition
Lubricant compositions for use in automotive engine oils comprising a combination of a specific base stock or mixture of base stocks and a friction reducing additive to improve fuel economy and fuel economy longevity of the automotive engine oil. The friction reducing additive is a specific partial polyol ester and may also include a specific saturated primary amide.
1. A method of lubricating an automotive engine using a lubricant composition comprising:
(A) a Group III base stock as a major component, having a viscosity at 100° C. of 3 to 10 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of at least 120, and a Noack evaporation loss of less than 20%;
(B) 0.1-2% of a partial polyol ester friction reducing additive derived from the reaction of either glycerol or trimethylolpropane with a monocarboxylic acid of formula R 1 COOH, where R 1 is a straight or branched chain C 12 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the monocarboxylic acid having an iodine value of not more than 20 and a cloud point of not more than 45° C.; and
(C) a saturated primary amide friction reducing additive of formula R 2 CONH 2 where R 2 is a straight or branched chain C 12 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the ratio of the partial polyol ester to the saturated primary amide ranges from 60:40 wt. % to 40:60 wt. %;
wherein the oxidative induction time of the friction reducing additive in (B), together with the friction reducing additive in (C), is at least 25 minutes, said oxidative induction time being measured using a high pressure differential scanning calorimeter after carrying out the steps comprising placing 5 mg of the friction reducing additive with 0.5% by weight of a phenolic antioxidant having a thioether group relative to the friction reducing additive in a 40 μl aluminium crucible and heating the calorimeter from 30° C. to 170° C. at a rate of 50° C./min followed by maintenance of the temperature at 170° C. with an air pressure of 40 bar and air flow of 50 ml/min.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Group III base has a viscosity at 100° C. of 4-8 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of at least 125 and a Noack evaporation loss of less than 15%.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises as a minor component less than 30 wt. % of any or a mixture of Group I, II, IV, V, and/or Group VI base stocks and/or any or a mixture of Group III base stocks which have not been used as the major component in the base stock.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises 5-20 wt. % of a Group V alkyl naphthalene or ester base stock.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-1.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.5-1.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-1.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive and 0.5-1.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive and 0.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises as a minor component less than 15% of a viscosity index improver having a viscosity at 100° C. of 20 to 4000 mm 2 /s.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive is the reaction product of either glycerol or trimethylolpropane with a C 14 -C 18 monocarboxylic acid having an iodine value of not more than 10 and a cloud point of not more than 45° C. wherein the product ester is a monoester or diester or a mixture thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive comprises a straight or branched chain C 14 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive is isostearylamide.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of partial polyol ester friction reducing additive to saturated primary amide friction reducing additive is 50:50 wt. %.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises between 5 to 20 wt. % other additives, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
15. A method of improving fuel economy and fuel longevity, comprising lubricating an automotive engine with a lubricant composition comprising:
(A) a Group III base stock as a major component, having a viscosity at 100° C. of 3 to 10 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of at least 120, and a Noack evaporation loss of less than 20%;
(B) 0.1-2 wt. % of a partial polyol ester friction reducing additive derived from the reaction of either glycerol or trimethylolpropane with a monocarboxylic acid of formula R 1 COOH, where R 1 is a straight or branched chain C 12 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the monocarboxylic acid having an iodine value of not more than 20 and a cloud point of not more than 45° C.; and
(C) a saturated primary amide friction reducing additive of formula R 2 CONH 2 where R 2 is a straight or branched chain C 12 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the ratio of the partial polyol ester to the saturated primary amide ranges from 60:40 wt. % to 40:60 wt. %;
wherein:
i) the oxidative induction time of the friction reducing additive in (B), together with the friction reducing additive in (C), is at least 25 minutes, said oxidative induction time measured using a high pressure differential scanning calorimeter after carrying out the steps comprising placing 5 mg of the friction reducing additive with 0.5 wt. % of a phenolic antioxidant having a thioether group relative to the friction reducing additive in a 40 μL aluminium crucible and heating the calorimeter from 30° C. to 170° C. at a rate of 50° C./min followed by maintenance of the temperature at 170° C. with an air pressure of 40 bar and air flow of 50 mL/min; and
ii) the lubricant composition substantially maintains a friction coefficient over two cycles of a temperature range of 40-140° C. using a pin-on-ring tribometer.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the Group III base has a viscosity at 100° C. of 4-8 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of at least 125 and a Noack evaporation loss of less than 15%.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises as a minor component less than 30 wt. % of any or a mixture of Group I, II, IV, V, and/or Group VI base stocks and/or any or a mixture of Group III base stocks which have not been used as the major component in the base stock.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises 5-20 wt. % of a Group V alkyl naphthalene or ester base stock.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-1.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.5-1.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-2 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-1.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive and 0.5-1.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
23. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive and 0.5 wt. % of the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises as a minor component less than 15% of a viscosity index improver having a viscosity at 100° C. of 20 to 4000 mm 2 /s.
25. The method of claim 15 , wherein the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive is the reaction product of either glycerol or trimethylolpropane with a C 14 -C 18 monocarboxylic acid having an iodine value of not more than 10 and a cloud point of not more than 45° C. wherein the product ester is a monoester or diester or a mixture thereof.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises 0.1-1.5 wt. % of the partial polyol ester friction reducing additive.
27. The method of claim 15 , wherein the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive comprises a straight or branched chain C 14 -C 18 aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
28. The method of claim 15 , wherein the saturated primary amide friction reducing additive is isostearylamide.
29. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ratio of partial polyol ester friction reducing additive to saturated primary amide friction reducing additive is 50:50 wt. %.
30. The method of claim 15 , wherein the oxidative induction time of the friction reducing additive in (B), together with (C), is at least 30 minutes.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the oxidative induction time of the friction reducing additive in (B), together with (C), is at least 35 minutes.
32. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises between 5 to 20 wt. % other additives, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.