Nanomaterials for sodium-ion batteries
A crystalline nanowire and method of making a crystalline nanowire are disclosed. The method includes dissolving a first nitrate salt and a second nitrate salt in an acrylic acid aqueous solution. An initiator is added to the solution, which is then heated to form polyacrylatyes. The polyacrylates are dried and calcined. The nanowires show high reversible capacity, enhanced cycleability, and promising rate capability for a battery or capacitor.
1. A sodium-ion insertion device in which energy is stored comprising:
a crystalline nanowire containing polyacrylates of sodium and manganese, wherein the device has an electrode capacity of at least 80 mAh/g; the device has an energy density of at least 800 kWh/kg; the device exhibits less than about 30% degradation after about 100 to about 2000 charge/discharge cycles; and wherein the device includes a single crystalline nanowire with a diameter of less than about 70 nm.
2. The sodium-ion insertion device of claim 1 wherein the device is a sodium-ion battery or a sodium-ion capacitor.