Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring intracranial pressure
A method and apparatus for continuously measuring the absolute intracranial pressure in a non-invasive manner is described by using an ultrasonic Doppler device which detects the pulsatility indexes of the blood flow inside the eye artery for both intracranial and extracranial eye artery portions. The eye in which the blood flow is monitored is subjected to a small pressure, sufficient to equalize the pulsatility index measurements of the internal and external portions of the eye artery. The pressure at which such equalization occurs is used as a reference for autocalibration of the apparatus so that continuous absolute intracranial pressure measurements may be taken over a particular sampling period.
1. A method for continuously obtaining an indication of intracranial pressure, comprising the steps of:
A. measuring the pulsatility index of blood flow in the intracranial portion of an eye artery (P.I.(int)) by use of an ultrasonic Doppler device;
B. measuring the pulsatility index of blood flow in the extracranial portion of an eye artery (P.I.(ext)) by use of the ultrasonic Doppler device;
C. applying an external pressure against an eye and measure said external pressure applied against the eye by use of an inflation device;
D. calculating a ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) by a processor;
E. calculating a conversion factor to convert the ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) into an absolute intracranial pressure by said processor, wherein said conversion factor is equal to the external pressure measured which causes said ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) to become equal one (1); and
F. repeating steps A, B, and D and determine intracranial pressure (ICP) by applying said conversion factor to the calculated ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) by said processor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein steps A to F are periodically repeated.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of:
J. determining whether the conversion factor is stable by comparing the value of the conversion factor calculated in step E in repeated measurements and calculations, wherein the conversion factor is deemed stable when there is an insubstantial change in the value of the conversion factor calculated in step E.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of:
K. determining that the conversion factor is stable if there is an insubstantial change in the value of the conversion factor calculated in step E.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic Doppler device is coupled with a depth control network,
and wherein the depth control network enabling the non-invasive invasive ultrasonic Doppler device to sequentially measure the pulsatility index of blood flow in the intracranial portion and extracranial portion of said eye artery.
6. A method for continuously obtaining an indication of intracranial pressure, comprising the steps of:
A. measuring the pulsatility index of blood flow in the intracranial portion of an eye artery (P.I.(int));
B. measuring the pulsatility index of blood flow in the extracranial portion of an eye artery (P.I.(ext));
C. applying an external pressure against an eye and measure said external pressure applied against the eye;
D. calculating a ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int);
E. if the ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) does not equal to one (1), increasing the external pressure, and repeating steps C, D, and E until the ratio of the ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) equals to one (1); if the ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) equals to one (1), calculating a conversion factor to convert the ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int) into an absolute intracranial pressure, wherein said conversion factor is equal to the external pressure measured, and going to step F; and
F. repeating steps A, B, and D and determine intracranial pressure (ICP) by applying said conversion factor to the calculated ratio of P.I.(ext) to P.I.(int).
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the external pressure in step E is increased from 0 mmHg to 25.0 mmHg.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the external pressure in step E is increased step-by-step at 5.0 mmHg increments.